Lyudmila Senicheva Biography

The level of trust in the law enforcement system, and primarily to the police, as the most close to a particular person, is a key indicator of the stability of society, effective fulfillment by the state by its basic function - ensuring the security and social well -being of citizens. The degree of trust in law enforcement agencies means an appeal to them and assistance, assisting them from the population in the disclosure of crimes, speaks of the effectiveness of their work [14].

Two -thirds of Russian citizens trust the police at the same time the share of those who “rather trust” 2.6 times higher than the share of respondents who noted that they “generally trust”. The data obtained correlate with assessments of the degree of confidence of citizens in the protection of their personal and property interests. An increase in the level of confidence in the police entails the increase in the effectiveness of the functioning of the entire law enforcement system due to indicators such as: - readiness for cooperation with law enforcement institutions from citizens, which largely contributes to the effectiveness of operational -search measures; - the legal culture of citizens, the willingness to follow the established rules of conduct in society, criminal law norms; - The social prestige of the police, which determines the possibility of personnel selection to the internal affairs bodies of the most promising young people.

In addition, “the legitimacy of the law enforcement system is an important social mechanism that restrains crime and violence in society. The lack of legitimacy can also contribute to such processes as: evasion of communication with the police, unwillingness to report committed offenses, appeal to their own resources in case of criminal encroachments ”[15]. Consider the reasons why citizens do not apply to the internal affairs bodies in case of unlawful encroachments.

The entire set of factors is based on the primarily economic rationality. Assessing the professional and personal characteristics of police officers, respondents were primarily not satisfied with the quality of response to citizens' appeals, insufficient desire to help, while politeness, friendliness, professionalism, appearance and physical development of police officers, according to most respondents, meet the requirements.

One of the significant aspects of the interaction of the police and the population is the readiness of citizens for cooperation. Support on the part of the company is necessary for obtaining timely and reliable information about offenses, threats to public order in order to prevent and investigate crimes. The results of the study showed an insignificant readiness of Russian citizens to cooperate with law enforcement agencies.

According to experts, “the level of legal awareness of Russians is quite low, and the degree of contempt for the law is too vest” [18]. I find it difficult to answer ready to assist in the detention of the criminal and the suppression of offenses is ready to personally participate in the protection of public order and conduct other police events is ready to testify, to identify the criminal is ready to report information about suspects and events is not ready 0 20 40 60 80 "" Fig.

" Distribution of answers to the question: “Are you ready or not in certain situations to help police officers?

If so, how? Compared to G., the share of citizens who are ready to give testimonies, reporting information about suspicious persons and events decreased by 1.5 times. Accordingly, the share of those who today is not ready to show civic activity in law enforcement, interact with the law enforcement authorities and provide assistance to police officers has increased. The key link in such an interaction is the legal status of an individual, which includes the ratio of rights and freedoms, thanks to which the basis for the development of civil activity and its forms are formed.

At the same time, power, on the one hand, seems to be a source of rights and freedoms, and on the other, serves as a guarantor of their practical implementation [19]. In this regard, in our opinion, the need to develop a set of measures, the legal base of the public interaction with law enforcement agencies is increasing. Significant positive steps in this direction are associated with the entry into force of the Federal Law “On the Participation of Citizens in the Protection of Public Order” dated April 2, this law contains a number of innovations indicating a change in the approach of the legislator to participate in law enforcement.

In accordance with the above federal law, citizens have the right to participate in the protection of their rights both personally and as part of the team [21]. Regional specifics of the perception of criminogenic threats. At the level of federal districts, the most prosperous assessments of the level of personal security were noted in the Crimean and North Caucasus federal districts.The Crimean Federal District is characterized by a special situation with subjective assessments of the level of security of citizens.

The average values ​​of the district are quite pronounced and illustrate the highest indicators of the level of security of the personality from criminal attacks, as well as the most optimistic assessments of the ongoing changes in the field of security. The resulting survey results are confirmed by statistical data. So, in the city, the situation in the Republic of Dagestan is the exception.

A favorable situation is characteristic of the North Caucasus Federal District in a number of indicators. Statistical and empirical data characterizing the criminal situation in the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District are due to a number of specific factors. First of all, these are “ethnopsychological features that determine the high latency of the component of crime. Local residents prefer to solve the emerging problems of a criminal law nature independently, without the participation of law enforcement agencies.

Moreover, against the backdrop of general instability, many general -unit crimes are attached much less importance, including from the victims ”[24]. According to the researchers, in the region “it is quite difficult to carry out operational-search activities and perform the necessary criminal procedure actions” [25]. If we exclude from the analysis of the Crimean FOR, where the results are most rejected from the average values ​​and illustrate a very favorable picture, then the differences between the average values ​​are not too large in other federal districts.

Regional differences in the level of anxieties of criminogenic nature are quite natural and associated with the differentiation of the socio-economic development of Russian territories. As a result of an imbalance in the regions, there is a huge gap in the conditions of employment, the level and quality of its life. Today, only a small part of the regions is developing successfully, most are subsidized.

It should be noted that the dominant development of the development of modern Russia is the formation of bipolar conditions of regional development: on the one hand, the concentration of infrastructure objects in large centers, investmently attractive regions, and on the other hand, the expansion of stable depression zones in rural settlements, small cities, remote regions. The scale of differentiation is such that they represent not only an economic and social problem for the country, but also a threat to national security [26].

These trends are reflected in the regional specifics of the perception of criminal threats. Let us also consider differences in the degree of prevalence of specific criminological fears and anxieties. Note that the prevalence of criminological fears in this federal district exceeds the average values ​​in a number of indicators. Here, the highest share of citizens who are afraid for their lives and health, for the life and health of close relatives, afraid to become a victim of arbitrariness by police officers.

Among the regions in which the proportion of residents who are afraid to be killed or crippled is especially high, the two regions of the North-West CHA occupy the second and third lines of the “rating” of St. Petersburg, the Leningrad Region. The development of mechanisms for ensuring the security of the personality should be based not only on analysis of statistical data, but also on the results of empirical studies characterizing the subjective assessment of the population of modern criminogenic threats, the study of regional aspects of this problem.

An analysis of research results made it possible to identify a number of positive trends. First of all, Russians are mostly positively assessed by changes in the level of security that have occurred in their region in recent years. More than half of our fellow citizens and for a number of threats - two -thirds of respondents respondents are afraid to become victims of marginal social groups, as well as various kinds of criminals of thieves, robbers, scammers, etc.

Two -thirds of the Russian respondents trust the police. At the same time, the research results indicate the relatively low readiness of our fellow citizens for cooperation with the police, the percentage of citizens who do not apply to the internal affairs bodies in the event of unlawful encroachments continues to remain at a fairly high level. An analysis of the dynamics of appeals to the police over the past five years has shown that in general, victims of citizens began to contact the police compared to G.

Thus, the results of the study confirm the need to transition from the traditional model of the interaction of internal affairs bodies with the population to modern partnerships. Similar models exist in foreign countries of Community Policing Public Police, Problem-Oriented Policing, a problem-oriented police, etc.This is due to the fact that the internal affairs bodies should currently conduct an active dialogue with the population, timely respond to the needs of the company, since one of the most important functions of law enforcement of the police is to meet the needs of the population in law enforcement services.

The police should be socially oriented, which involves active forms of cooperation with the population not only to identify offenses, but also for their prevention. In this regard, the internal affairs bodies require comprehensive measures to increase the level of social interaction of citizens and the police on the basis of the principles of social partnership, which will allow them to pursue a more effective policy in the field of public order, ensure public security and counteract crime.

Only subject to the constructive social interaction of the population and the police, the assessment of its activities by the population and the level of trust in it will be the highest. Avdeev V. Nevsky N. Vygovskaya D. Burlakov V. Nazarenko G. Nazarenko, A. Kirichek E. Staubli S. Staubli, M. Killias, B. Emelyanov I. Vishnevetsky K. Ivanova V. Structure and intensity of fear in Russia at the end of the 20th century: Author.

Lightowlers C. Lightowlers, M. Elliot, M. Davis C. Davis, S. Bahr, C. Cao L. Cao, J. Bochkov A. Nivette A. Sidebottom A. Gimpelson V. Gimpelson, Kostina O. Bondaletov v. Bondaletov, N. medvedeva, L. Sencheva, E. Frolova, E. Potapenkova I. On the problematic issues of the implementation of the Federal Law of April 2