With the biography of Pushkin

Primary education, as was adopted by the nobles, Little Pushkin received at home, teachers and tutors, invited by parents from different countries of Europe, were engaged in his training. At the same time, despite the bright mind, the future luminary of Russian poetry could not be called a diligent student, teachers and relatives noted the lack of zeal in him, but over time the boy became interested in reading.

Already at the age of seven, his creative talent began to develop in Pushkin. Having read Moliere, Lafontaine and Voltaire, he composed small comedies, fables in French and even tried to write a poem. The Lyceum in the year after the creation of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum Summer Pushkin is included in the list of his pupils. A high level of teaching and requirements for lyceum students gave the future poet what teachers and tutors could not give in their home.

Although individual sciences were nevertheless given to him with difficulty, among them was mathematics and logic. Pushkin devoted his free time to literature, and in the year he first published his poem “To a Friend-Carier” in the journal “Bulletin of Europe”. A year later, the talent of a literary genius was appreciated by the famous poet and statesman Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin, to whom young Pushkin read his poem “Memories in Tsarskoye Selo”.

The eminent husband was in full delight, and the poem was published in the journal Russian Museum. In the lyceum period, Alexander Sergeyevich met and made friends with Anton Delvig, Ivan Pushchin, Wilhelm Kuchelbeker, with whom he maintained relations all his life. After graduating from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, Alexander Pushkin was enrolled in the Tenth -Grand Class official. But the public service was not interested in him, Alexander Sergeyevich was more fascinated by secular life, especially he was in demand in literary circles and society of St.

Petersburg writers. In the south in the year, through the Green Lamp literary society close to the Decembrists, where the poet entered, politics begins to penetrate the work and worldview of Alexander Sergeyevich. New friends discussed and promoted freedom -loving ideas. During this period of his work, Pushkin writes an ode “liberty”, as well as the poem “To Chaadaev” and “Village”, which was not left without attention from the authorities.

If it were not for the intercession of Nikolai Karamzin but before the emperor, Alexander Pushkin could be sent to Siberia, and so he was only transferred to the south. But even before the move, the young genius managed to finish the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, having read which Vasily Zhukovsky gave Pushkin his portrait with the signature “The winner-student from the defeated teacher”.

In the year, Pushkin, on the way to Chisinau, stops in the Caucasus for a while, and then to the Crimea to improve his health. This period will also soon be reflected in poetic works, such as the “Caucasian captive” and “Bakhchisarai fountain”. Already in Chisinau, Alexander Sergeyevich, left to himself, writes “Song of the Prophet Oleg”, and also begins a novel in the poems “Eugene Onegin”.

At the same time, the poet’s creations begin to publish in St. Petersburg, and he gains popularity as a poet and writer. The link in the year, Alexander Pushkin moved to Odessa, having achieved the transfer to the office of Count Vorontsov, but here he was not able to build relations with his superiors, and soon the poet asked for resignation. But even before he managed to do this, in Moscow the police opened his letter to the friend of the lyceum player Kuchelbeker and considered his content so unacceptable that together with the resignation of Pushkin was determined into exile.

The next two years, the poet was in the family estate in the village of Mikhailovsky, Pskov region under the supervision and without content. In Mikhailovsky, Pushkin lived alone, relatives left the estate.

The only one who brightened up the loneliness of the poet was the nanny Arina Rodionovna. The fairy tales and folk songs of the nanny greatly influenced the work of Alexander Sergeyevich, and her literary image appeared in some works of the writer. During this period, the tragedy “Boris Godunov” was written by Pushkin, which became a new stage in his work. At the end of the year after the death of Alexander I, Pushkin hoped to have a pardon from the new emperor, but he was prevented by the uprising of the Decembrists, whose members were previously associated with the poet.

However, after the first collection “Poems of Alexander Pushkin” was published in the year and the poet gained popular love, Nicholas I invited him to an audience in St. Petersburg. The emperor planned that Pushkin would become a court poet, but there was no rapprochement, Alexander Sergeyevich remained in the positions of free thought, which did not suit conservative power.

Pushkin was established supervision and limited his movements. The wedding in the year, the poet at the ball met Natalya Goncharova and immediately fell in love with a summer girl. A few months later made an offer, but Natalia's parents did not give their consent to the wedding. The upset Pushkin went to his brother in the Caucasus. Returning from the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeyevich again got up and this time received approval.Before the wedding, it remained only to resolve the issue of the property of the groom.

Pushkin went to another family estate - to Boldino, the Nizhny Novgorod province, where the poet’s father allocated part of the estate and two hundred peasants. But in Boldino, I had to stay all over the fall due to an epidemic of cholera, which imposed a quarantine ban on Pushkin’s move to Moscow. Here in a short time, Alexander Sergeyevich graduated from Eugene Onegin and wrote many other works.

In December, Pushkin returned to Moscow and soon married his lover. In recent years in the year, the poet was accepted to the service to write the “History of Peter”, but quickly became interested in the image of the leader of the peasant uprising of Emelyan Pugachev and even went to a small expedition to the places of the uprising in order to collect material for his novel.

After that, in the fall of the year, Pushkin again left for Boldino, where he graduated from the scientific essay “The History of Pugachev”, wrote “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”, “The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Herries”, the poem “Copper Horseman”, which was banned for publication, began work on the “Queen of Spades”. After returning to St. Petersburg, Pushkin tried to leave the service or at least get a long vacation, but the proposed conditions were not arranged, and he remained in the capital.

In these years, there is stagnation in the poet’s work, some works are prohibited to the press, others come out with difficulty and do not receive wide recognition. In addition, Pushkin is experimenting a lot, and these changes do not find a response from the reader. In the year, Pushkin receives permission to edition of an almanac entitled “Contemporary”, where he himself is published and other eminent poets and writers, such as Nikolai Gogol, Ivan Turgenev, Vasily Zhukovsky.

However, the publication turned out to be unprofitable and, in order to somehow raise the number of subscribers, Pushkin publishes his novel “The Captain's Daughter” in it. Work on the magazine occupied the poet all the time. The duel in November of the same year, following the courtship of Cavaliergard Georges Dantes, for Natalya Goncharova, dirty rumors begin to creep and anonymous Pasquili will be sent.

Pushkin called Dantes to a duel, which was delayed, and then canceled due to marriage between the Frenchman and sister Natalia Goncharova Ekaterina. However, the marriage did not change the behavior of Dantes, and did not disappear and of all kinds of rumors with offensive hints of Natalia Nikolaevna. The diplomat could not shoot at the duel, and it was Dantes. The duel took place the next day on the Black River.

Pushkin was injured in the stomach, which for that time was considered fatal. A day later - January 29 on February 10, Alexander Sergeyevich died. Half of St. Petersburg came to the funeral of the great Russian poet. Pushkin’s body was buried on the territory of the Svyatogorsky Assumption Monastery of the Pskov province near the grave of the mother. Cover: O. Portrait of A.

Pushkin, year. From the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery.