History of literature biography

For millennia, humanity has recorded information about the development of literature in other forms. Legends about ancient singers, storytellers, sages - Orpheus and Homer, Confucius and Valmika, Zarathushtra and Moses were verbally verified and recorded. Biographies of troubadours of the XIII century. Row, real, documentary mixed with fantastic, history presented in the personalities of the authors, the main thing was not separated from the secondary.

In parallel, another source of science about literature developed - poetics as a normative theory. Here, since the “poetics” of Aristotle, the idea of ​​the eternal laws of literary creativity reigned, special attention was paid to the genre classification and codification. The third most important source of the history of literature is literary criticism, which has reached great heights by the XVIII century.

In order for a new science to appear, it was necessary: ​​to realize the specifics of scientific knowledge as reliable and verified in philosophy and accurate sciences in the XVII -XVIII centuries. XIX century. Saint-beam in –e gg. To the beginning. XXI century. The first authoritative stories of global universal literature appeared at the end of the XIX - beginning. Korsha and A. Kirpichnikov, 4 t.

Sherra, 3 t. Hart, 2 t. Busse, 2 t. Leturno, USA "Literature of all nations and all centuries", ed. Khotorn and others. The most interesting editions of the last decades are “history of literature”, ed. Keno 3 t. Travika 2 t. Billesov-Tyansen 12 t. Brunel and R. Joannie 5 t. Versh of the implementation of the capabilities of I. Averintsev, N. Balashov, Yu. Vipper, M.

Gasparov, N. Conrad, D. Likhachev, Yu. Lotman, E. Meletinsky, B. Purishev and others. Authoritative publications about the history of most national literature of the world, about about the world. individual eras, directions, styles, etc. To the key categories I. Literary process. The term appeared at the end of the year. World Literature. Literary fact. The term was introduced by Yu.

Tynyanov in the article "Literary fact" Sat. Eichenbaum of the concept of literary life. Tynyanov ranked those events and relations of literary life that are included in the structure of literature of the era as a whole. Direction, current, school, movement. All of them are related to writers and their works, that is, to I. The direction is the most general typological unification of writers of a certain era based on the commonality of the artistic method.

The currents are a more subtle differentiation of the grouping of writers within the framework of one direction or in transition periods that have not formed in directions literary phenomena due to the blurry of the system of artistic principles. The school is the unification of writers, conscious by themselves. The movement is the unification of writers against the dominant trends in art in the formation of a new direction.

The artistic method, the concept of the world of man and art, a moral and aesthetic ideal. The artistic method is a poetological term, recently criticized. However, it can be used in I. The artistic method is a system of principles for selecting, evaluating and reproducing reality. It is based on a certain concept of the world, man and art, that is, the logically meaningful and formulated position of the writer, declared by him or reconstructed by the researcher and the moral and aesthetic ideal, that is, the image of a proper life.

Artistic methods speak only from the New Age, when they squeezed the genre method of developing the literary process and began to exert a large, more and more decisive effect on the genesis of genres and genre systems. The term, equally related to poetics, the system of artistic techniques, which determines authorship, individuality, contrast between other systems and then talk about the literary process as a change in styles of the era.

Style is a characteristic of a form that the composition of the reader is directly represented by the eyes, language, methods of creating a character, etc. The historiography of literary criticism and, in particular, historiography I. Such a science is necessary not only to recognize authorship in the humanitarian field of knowledge, but also so that the illusion does not arise that everything that is stated in I.

The term denoting a really existing era in the history of mankind. But the idea of ​​revival as a separate era was only in the 2nd floor. Michel,; The “Italian culture in the Renaissance era” by Y. Burkhardt, Huyzing criticized the views of the Burkhardt and suggested not using this concept at all as an unproductive and unreasonable article “The Problem of Renaissance”, some scientists argued that there was not one, but several Renaissance to U.

Fergusson, E. Panofsky and others. Thorndike, R. Munic. History of World Literature: Problems of System and Comparative Analysis. The principles of a comparative study of literature. The theory of a comparative study of literature. The history of literature.