Caesar Borgia Biography

Indicate the cemetery of the person Caesar Cesare Borgia Full name Kat. At 31, he fell in battle, having survived his father for less than 4 years. The titles are the Duke of Valansky and Romanovol, Prince Andria and Venafra, Count Diios, ruler Pyombino, Kamornino and Urbino, Gonfalonier and Captain General of the Holy Church. The coat of arms of the genus Borgia is a red bull on a gold background.

The motto: “Aut Caesar, Aut Nihil” “Either Caesar, or nothing”. Personal qualities are persistent - and sometimes cruel - he had the ability to soberly evaluate the situation since childhood and quickly make decisions. He knew how to value people, bringing closer to himself those to whom he really could trust, and never forgot to reward for the right service. He had a hot Spanish temperament, the ability to grab any science on the fly.

The relative wealth and aristocratic education of which Rodrigo Borgia took care of for all his children helped him to form the qualities of an independent and strong personality. He received a reputation as an unpredictable and dangerous person. In Rome - if not throughout Italy - rumors about its extraordinary physical strength spread. He took part in the competition of wrestlers and, according to eyewitnesses, came out the winner.

They say that being in a good mood, Cesare could honor the townspeople, appearing on the holiday. Despite the fact that he had a great spiritual potential and, of course, could achieve a lot in the affairs of the church service, Cesare saw himself as a commander. He had a well -trained army at his disposal, the soldiers loved him for his generosity and attentiveness to their needs.

Possessing an excellent memory, the Duke knew almost every soldier who visited him in serious battles not only in the face, but also by name. Cesare excellently owned a sword and, even being a cardinal, took part in several battles. External data according to the testimonies of that time, Cesare was definitely good - it combined the Roman sophistication received from the mother, and the strength of the Spanish aristocrats, which was obtained from the father.

Tall, black -haired, with a mysterious gaze of dark eyes - that is how it is represented in portraits. The biography of Cesare Borgia was probably born in Rome. In the year, the birth of Cesare Borgia was legalized by a special decree of Pope. The next year after the election of Rodrigo Pontiff, Cesare was erected to Cardinals in the year. Initially, his father prepared him for a spiritual dignity, since the successor of the clan was to be his eldest brother Pierre Luigi Borgia, the 1st Duke of Gandia, and after his death in the year, the next seniority of Giovanni Borgia.

Cesare did not have an interest in a spiritual career and left the church for the sake of politically profitable marriage. Since his father held an important post in the Vatican, Cesare from childhood was preparing for the fact that he would become a priest, especially since he had all the qualities necessary for this. He received the rank of bishop very young. At that time, all Italy was a lot of fragmented and sometimes warring states, on the contradictions of which powerful neighbors played - Spain and France.

On this portrait of Pinturikko's brushes, as it is assigned, young Cesare was captured before that he studied the law and theology at the universities of Perugi and Pisa, and his dissertation in jurisprudence was considered one of the best in recent years. He was accused of abduction of noble girls, of seducing faithful wives and even in connection with his sister Lucretia.

The latter, must have been based on a major account that she really put the interests of the family above personal interests. By tradition, many aristocratic families, Alexander VI wanted his eldest son to become a military man, and the next - a priest. The eldest son, Juan Borgia, whose marriage with Maria Enrixes, Kuzina Ferdinand, King of Spain, was called upon to strengthen the vatican alliance with a powerful Western neighbor, received the title of Duke of Gandhi and the title of the Honfalonier of the Church, that is, the commanding of all troops who are subordinate to the pope.

Sunny and not too far -sighted, he succeeded in palace intrigues, no one argued with this. But in the command of the troops he understood a little, while Cesare studied the tactics of fighting from childhood, he personally excellently owned a sword and even, being a cardinal, took part in several battles. However, at that time no arguments could shake Alexander VI. In Cesar, he had too much hopes - he had to eventually replace his father as the head of the Roman Catholic Church, ensuring the stability of the papal region and prosperity to the family.

Due to the constant intrigues and the struggle for power and wealth, the Borgia family had too many enemies, and just ill-wishers who were in the interests of the Vatican, because they weakened the influence of the Church throughout Italy, Orsini and the column, the long-standing enemies among themselves were ready to conclude a temporary truce, just to confront the strengthening of Bordzhia at least somehow.Sforza, after an unsuccessful marriage of Lucretia with one of the representatives of their family, lurked the resentment and now only expected the opportunity to take revenge on the dad.

The Savonarola, a Dominican from Florence, suddenly began to oppose the papacy in general and Borgia in particular, collecting crowds of people who listened to his sermons and passed them out of the mouth, until the preacher was hanged, and the remains were burned at the stake. Charles VIII, the French king, claiming the Neapolitan crown, moved on a trip to Italy, threatening to capture Rome on his way.

Everyone knew that the long -standing enemy of the Borgia family, Cardinal Juliano Della Rover, who did not forgive Rodrigo, that he bypassed him in the pope’s election, incited him on this campaign. And in the year the French troops entered Rome on the way to Napol. Alexander VI decided to let Karl's troops through the papal region, since it was simply unrealistic to resist such a strong and well -trained enemy at that time.

Moreover, dad gave the French almost royal reception than saved Rome and his people from the plunder of French troops. Having launched all his charm, Alexander entered into an agreement with Karl - he promised an unhindered passage of troops through the papal region and providing them with food, and also gave Cesar hostage to confirm the sincerity of his intentions.

Karl, on the other hand, signed that he remains the good son of His Holiness Pope and completely recognizes him as a representative of God on earth. Thus, Cesare first ended up in the French army. Roman dad did not want to allow at least one of the foreigners to encroach on Italian land. Cesare could easily guess that he was not inactive, but was trying to organize the Holy League-the Union of City-States in order to confront the French.

At this moment, everyone was ready to unite - Venice, Florence, Milan, Spain. But the life of Cesare stood at the stake - and this was connected by Alexander's hand. This is not to say for sure - Caesar himself calculated the situation, or even being hostage from Karl, he could receive information about the state of affairs in the Vatican through his people. He alone, without any help, fled from the French.

He was able to outwit the guards, remove the sentry, get the horse and jump into Rome, allowing dad to begin active actions. Karl nevertheless took Naples-but he could not hold him along. The detachments of the Holy League surrounded the French from all sides - and they were forced to hastily go to their borders. A trip to Italy ended with a complete defeat. Perhaps Cesare would remain a prince of the church.

If not for the death of Juan that happened in the year. Her circumstances are still a mystery. Juan had too many personal enemies, even except for the enemies of the family. Orsini, the campaign against whom Juan headed, condotiers like Gvido Cordoba, offended by the fact that the Duke of Gandia attributed all his merits in military campaigns personally. Offended husbands and fathers.

If you believe the rumors, shortly before his death, Juan seduced the fourteen -year -old daughter of Count Mirandell, which, they say, boasted at every opportunity. The church needed a strong and decisive person to become the head of its troops.

Thus, dad was forced to agree with the arguments of Cesare and allow him to take off his Cardinal San in order to subsequently make him a gonfalonier. Moreover, the new French king asked for the permission of the pope to divorce with the corrupted daughter of Louis XI, Jeanne French in order to marry the widow of his cousin Anna Breton. This permission, signed by Pope, took Cesare himself to France.

By agreement of the Vatican with the French ambassadors, in exchange for the mercy of the pope, Louis had to contribute to the marriage of Cesare with the daughter of the Neapolitan king Rosette. According to the testimony of that time, Cesare Borgia and his retinue were simply amazed at the imagination of the French, while he moved from Marseille to the tire, where the king was located with his yard.

Major, Swiss cavalry in the form of a papal army, nobles, pages, servants, musicians. Along the way, wherever he stops, he was met as a prince of blood, showered with silver coins and arranged magnificent tricks. The planned marriage with the Neapolitan princess did not take place. Maria Enrices, the widow of Juan, was able to convince the Spanish Queen Isabella - as well as King Ferdinand - that in the death of her husband is guilty of Cesare.

It cannot be said that everyone unconditionally believed in this, but, nevertheless, the families from the house of Aragon in Spain, in Milan and Naples were very wary of the possibility of being related to Borgia. And since Rosette was nominally not considered the subject of the French king, Louis simply could not order her. Well, and besides, he gave him the duchy of Valentinois and granted to the full disposal of Cesare riders and infantrymen in order to put the final order in the papal region and completely subjugate the romance.

From this marriage, a daughter was born - Louise Borgia.Despite the fact that things forced Cesare to return to Rome in the same year, this marriage cannot be called unsuccessful in terms of personal relations. Charlota always waited for him, and later even the death of Cesare will not make her get married again. Louise was subsequently married to the French Marshal Louis La-Tremuil.

From her second marriage with Count Bussa, the French counts of Bourbon-Busse and Kaylyus, the French counts of Bourbon Bus and Kaylyus, are still taking place in a direct male line. In the year, with the support of the French army, Cesare began the embodiment of his dreams - the creation of a strong single Italian state. Quickly - so fast that the enemies simply did not have time to react - it captures many cities and fortresses in Romanier.

Imola, Forli, Cesen, Pesaro, Faenza. Some surrendered without a fight - the townspeople simply opened the gate and let the troops Cesare. In such cases, he strictly forbidden to rob cities and somehow infringe on the local population-under the fear of death. The soldiers who were in the service of the dad, and so paid a good salary. It was at that moment that he invited Leonardo da Vinci to him.

And when he readily agreed - the glory of the Duke and his military campaigns swept throughout Italy and far beyond its borders - Cesar appointed the artist his chief engineer. Cesare troops confidently seized the territories that were part of the papal region, but not yet subordinated to the Holy See due to the arbitrariness of local lords who strove for personal power.

He controlled almost the whole of Romania and Urbino, did not capture Bologna only because this would affect the interests of his French allies, and influenced Florence. But if the soldiers almost idolized Cesare, then the condotkers, on whom he relied in his conquests, and local aristocrats, expelled from their castles, wanted to serve not so much the interests of the Church and the Duke as their own.

The conspiracy was edited in Majoni, and headed him by Giovanni Bentimovo. At the meeting, an agreement was achieved to find strong patrons who could protect them from the anger of the pope, as well as develop a plan for the physical destruction of Cesare. The duke learned about the negotiations that are being followed behind him. Moreover, he made it clear to everyone that he knew about it.

He acted rapidly. He withdrew troops from Urbino and concentrated them in the north, in Romanier, under the command of the people loyal to him.