Krylov detailed biography

Sources that served as the basis for the biography of I. Childhood and youth. Krylov did not like to remember his youth and childhood. The wise old man realized that only in his fables he would survive himself, his peers and grandchildren. He, in fact, was born at forty years old. In the period of his full glory, he had already experienced his peers, and there was no one to learn from the details of his young age.

Krylov was not interested in the fact that they write and speak of him, ignored his own biographies sent to him for viewing - Russians and French. On one of them, he wrote with a pencil: “He read. Neither correcting, nor straightening, nor time, nor hunting. ” He was reluctant to answer oral questions. And we are interested, of course, the slightest details of his life and childhood.

The latter is still interesting even more so since Krylov is all, both by birth and upbringing, and in the warehouse of mind and character, belongs to the past century. For twenty -five years it has already expired from the day the whole of Russia celebrated the centenary of the birthday of a glorious fabulist. He was born on February 2nd year in Moscow. The famous anecdotic laziness is later, Krylov began his life path among wanderings, labors and dangers.

He was born at a time when his father, a poor army officer, stood with his dragoon regiment in Moscow. But Pugachevschina rose, and Andrei Prokhorovich moved with his regiment to the Urals. A zealous warrior, - Krylov’s father with extraordinary energy defended the Yaitsky town from Pugachev. In the first minute, he accepted the bosses over the garrison and made the necessary orders.

” Our fabulist inherited these qualities from his father and often showed in the original form both caution and prudence, and resourcefulness or determination. Conservation and determination were probably the reason for his successes in the card game, which he surrendered with passion at one time. The same qualities, although in the wrong form, was possessed by Krylov’s father, and this was much more important in the fight against such an enemy as Pugachev than a reckless blind courage, in which the latter had no shortage.

In fact, the defense of Captain Krylov brought Pugachev to such a fury that he “grinded” his teeth after an unsuccessful attack and threatened to hang not only Simonov and Krylov, but also the entire family of the latter, which was at that time in Orenburg. But Pushkin was mistaken at the age of Krylov: he was already walking at that time for the seventh year. The horrors of that time were to leave an indelible mark in an intelligent and observation child.

In any case, the camping life, the family atmosphere of the poor army officer and close contact with military life, with his anxiety, frank customs and scenes of either a tragic or comic nature, had an undoubted influence on the formation of Krylov’s character. Perhaps the passion for fires that had not left him in his whole life, thanks to which the lazy and indifferent Krylov lifted up from bed and made a nimble and hasty, was precisely the fruit of the impressions of that period of childhood.

But more importantly, the impressions of this time had an influence on their later attitude to the people, to their violent power and impulses. Of course, an alarming childhood was not good preparation for proper education and education. True, after the end of the rebellion, Krylov’s father resigned and settled in Tver, where he received the place of the chairman of the provincial magistrate.

But the living conditions of even the provincial city were not such as to correct the case. Neither permanent boarding houses, nor city schools at that time had not yet known. Folk schools began to arise only from the year. The contemporary of Krylova, the famous poet and fabulist Dmitriev, the son of a birth landowner who did not become a soured means for his formation, however, was studied by arithmetic at the garrison soldier, Sergeant Koptsev, from whom he heard only “incomprehensible words”: the sophisticated, divided, etc.

Nevertheless, along with the “duties of the ranks”, Dmitriev met a story and wrote letters and wrote a letter "On topics." Little Krylov was even deprived of such a meager education. There were no teachers of the Russian language then, as they were not even later, even at the beginning of the reign of Alexander; In return, they taught the French language I mythology.

There were no teachers for the law of God. The rural priests, descended from the clerks, knew only by the skill of one church service, and they had no idea about the catechism. Meanwhile, curiosity in society grew. Krylov’s parents were brought up at a time when even the very word “upbringing” understood in a completely different sense. True, if there was still no upbringing and correct teaching, then there was already Lomonosov, the example of which acted, exciting on many, and the beginning of the reign of Catherine II created an extensive literature, translated and original.

Fortunately, the father and mother of Krylov understood and appreciated education. His father left behind a whole chest of books, which at that time was a rarity and luxury, especially during the camping life of a poor army officer.The chairman of the provincial magistrate in Tver Krylov’s father was not long, and three years later he died, leaving his family - our Krylov, an eleven -year -old lad, with his mother and younger brother Leo - without any means.

While his father was alive, he helped his mother in raising his son and taught him, which, at least, Russian literacy. Now the mother could only give instructions to children in the rules of religion, how much time allowed her to go to the farm and troubles about the food of the family. In addition, the young man studied the French language from the tutor-French in the house of the landowner Lviv, along with his children.

Thanks to the honorary position of Father Krylov in the city, it was not difficult for him to learn from Lviv to perceive his son to come to the lessons of his children. This was at that time in a general habit, but often influenced the nature of the children, since the tutors did not forget to point out the students, the difference in their position and often brought up with arrival in some, envy and flattery in others.

Maybe that's why Krylov studied reluctantly. Mother tried to affection and various means, but to encourage him. Krylov himself later, having changed his usual restraint and silence once, Mr. Carlhof answered the question of whether he was different in childhood: “I, mother, was a child, like everyone else: played, frolic, did not study perfectly, sometimes they drove me.” But is it so?

Not different from peers, during the situation - little convenient for education and developed, the summer young man could hardly be the author of the literary work of a weak, but not deprived of interest and talent. With the death of his father, he was transferred to him with the same rank in the Tver magistrate for actual service. He becomes the support of the family for eleven years.

The situation is non -waste, but Krylov, one might say, was happiness. It was that his parents were honest people. To stretch the military strap all your life, then take the place of the chairman of the magistrate and at least three years of service can not leave anything to the family, for a person, who was capable of Krylov, meant to be an honest person at that time.

In the petition about the pension, the name of the empress, the widow wrote that her husband left her in poverty, because, “without estates,” kept his family with one salary. But the widow of tears did not reach the empress. And her request was naive. The salary at that time was insignificant civil ranks, in return they were given to “feed”. Catherine herself put up with this phenomenon, and strict decrees against bribes did not disturb the sleeps of frequency and crooked.

In return for the money, Krylov’s father left his son an inheritance unheard of at that time, with his state, a chest with books. There were, of course, “the light visible in the faces”, and the “ancient Vivliofine” of Novikov, and his “Acts of Peter the Great” “with additions”-the desktop books of that century and the beginning of the present, and next to this, there were undoubtedly Blaz, Scheherazade, Telemak and maybe Don Quixote.

Together with books, Krylov inherited from his father and hunting for reading. The reason that Krylov was reluctant to study was, of course, both the accident, the fragmentation of his meager teaching, and the lack of visibility, which was demanded by his living, observation mind. But hunting, we can even say a passion for reading remained with him for life.

Subsequently, the already glorious fabulist, Krylov did not miss the duty in the public library during duty, like his colleagues. While Gnedich, during duty, nervously walked around the courtyard and silently, silently pointed a finger at the Order Cross on his chest, explaining his nervous state, Krylov, climbing his feet on the sofa, raised stupid novels. Of course, Krylov read such novels, of course, not out of interest in their content, and often only exclaimed at the denouement: “Ohi, it seems I read this book,” and it really happened that he read it only a few days before.

Of course, this machine reading was necessary in order to remove for a while those images that filled the observant mind of the fabulist. Be that as it may, this passion for reading was distinguished in adolescence. Along with this, his observant mind worked in his own way, early finding in him an innate tendency to caricature and satire. In the educated house of Lviv, he could not but get acquainted with Lafontaine and French satire and caricature, although of course very superficially, and the satirical magazines of the Catherine’s age sophisticated his observation and directed it to modern types.

In these magazines, since they fell into his hands, he immediately had to recognize the features of the surrounding life - the types of magazine satire were so ordinary. At that time, it was customary to write faces from nature, “from the original”, as they called it; With this technique, a lack of artistic talent was replenished and a defiant goal was achieved. The faces were disguised, but so that they were not difficult to recognize.

In Tver, as in the provincial city, temporarily carrying nobles lived, here they lowered the fragments to unpretentious entertainment and fashionable outfits. Fortress life with all its arbitrariness, wild ignorance, rude morals and superstitions brightly shone in the city.The nobles with their Chelyadians were cut through Prostakovsky. In the magistrate, swaps and extortion were arranged.

Krylov, as the opera "Coffee pot" proves it; Early began to relate to life more or less consciously. He was helped in this early physical and mental development and the fate itself, who put him as a boy in the position of the breadwinner of the family. The little official knew a lot, which is not even dreamed of another at his age. He loved, in addition, to push among the common people.

He was attracted by spectacles - fires, fist fights; He also loved to sit somewhere at Portomone, listening to the stories of simple and serfs. Here he probably gleaned from some story and the plot of his “Coffee shop”. Perhaps more than he thought, the Tver layman was right, who said: "The famous fabulist belongs to especially our Tver." Here he brought up and spent the first years of his youth, here he began his civil service.

" Right, if you look at Tver, as at the miniature of Russia of the last century. But there is nothing to be especially enjoying the Tver inhabitant here. The character of Krylov and much in his works and in views indicates the loss of this age for his correct education and development. In the then Tver there was a lot of things that Krylov, perhaps, did not have to see later, in adulthood and what was embodied in his fables in the images of not quite pure animals; In this sense, a comrade of his childhood is also right.

The satire of the age of Catherine ridiculed especially ridiculous imitations of foreigners: fashion, manners and use of inequal of foreign words - everything that did not get along with the formation of Russian, and even serfdom and in which many thought to see the fruits of enlightenment. Krylov, with his purely Russian mind, mocking and well -aimed in a witty caricature, this war was especially to his liking; Subsequently, he even reached excessive extremely in hostility to everything foreign, which passes through all his works with a red thread.

The young man tried the strength in the comedy, imitating the empress herself in this regard.