Biography of Apollo Grigoryevich

I am Apollo Aleksandrovich Grigoryev 28 16 according to Art. At the mention of the name of Apollo Grigoriev, the words of the Gypsy Hungarian, who are almost forgotten now, most often ask for the language: two guitars, calling, puzzled from childhood a memorable melting, my old friend - you? author. Moreover, the revelation of Pushkin, which was familiar to everyone with the school bench, which Grigoryev first called “our everything” ...

Apollo Grigoryev, meanwhile, in the second half of the 19th century, when such pillars of Russian literature as I. Turgenev, L. Tolstoy, F. Dostoevsky, the name of Apollo Grigoryeva lived and created that it became so popular. His critical articles and publications in the “thick” magazines caused an acute polemic in the literary circles of that time, and the drunken ribs and the random lifestyle that the writer led, only added to him the scandalous glory of the “marginal” in the eyes of an educated society.

According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Grigoriev was a bright personality, a person, fanatically devoted to art, tireless in moral and mental searches, but, as often happens with people spiritually gifted, in everyday affairs he showed extreme disorder and helplessness. He did not manage, like many less talented, but more successful brothers in Peru, to lay his way to glory, pushing the elbows of sprayers and competitors; I could not adapt, live, “like everyone else”, at least somehow ordering his reckless lifestyle.

According to researchers, some features of Grigoriev’s real biography were reflected in the “noble nest” by I. Turgenev's family history G. His contemporaries - rational realists -warewoods and the Slavophiles who are sensitive to the groans of the “Sower and Guardian” - tried to answer the eternal Russian question: what to do? They sought to catch in all cause-effect relationships, logic and meaning, to contrast Western progress with saving patriarchalism and nationality.

Against this background, the subjective-idealistic, semi-mystical “providence” of Grigoriev seemed incomprehensible, confusing nonsense, and his search for a “new style” and romantic calls for complete “organic” sincerity in art, caused frank ridicule. Many literary scholars admit that A. Grigoryev’s views, set forth in his critical articles, had the most important influence on the work of F.

Dostoevsky, who was well acquainted with Apollo Alexandrovich and even helped him even once in difficult moments of life. His ideas were also influenced by the religious philosophy of N. Orthodox and N. Danilevsky, and the poetics of the Kabatsky rampant and the “gypsies” later found its reflection in the lyrics of A. Blok and S. Grigoryev, being a major thinker of the national bet, ahead of his time more than half a century.

During his lifetime, he was not accepted, understood and even heard by most of his contemporaries. His aesthetic romanticism, the Kabatsky rampant and the constant existence “on the verge” of the established norms and decency in art would have come to the court in the era of decadence at the beginning of the 20th century, but first the liberal democratic paradigm of thinking should have been replaced.

Grigoryev took his rightful place in the history of Russian critical thought and was recognized as the forerunner of new literary and philosophical movements. Life and work of childhood - Grigoryev himself reports in his origin in his origin in his origin in his begun, but unfinished autobiographical notes. Grandfather Grigoryeva, Ivan Grigoryevich Grigoryev came from the "Ober-commissioned officer." In the year, he arrived in the "Nagal Tulup" to Moscow from the deaf province "Make himself Fortune." And already at the beginning of the 10ths, Ivan Grigoryev bought a house in Moscow, and by the year for hard work in various bureaucratic positions he was promoted to outbuildings, he was awarded to receive a tobacker and a third grade medal from his Imperial Majesty, and later the hereditary nobility.

In Moscow, the father of A. Grigoryev, Alexander Ivanovich, a pupil of the university noble boarding house, “a comrade in the education of V. Zhukovsky and the Turgenev brothers”, was born. The birth of Apollo Grigoriev himself was accompanied by dramatic circumstances that laid out an imprint on his entire future life. His father passionately loved the daughter of the serf coachman, Tatyana Andreev.

Apollo was born a year before, having overcome the resistance of relatives, the young got married. From birth, over the illegitimate boy hung the threat of being enrolled in serfs, so frightened parents immediately sent him to the imperial Moscow educational house - the oldest charitable institution, founded by Catherine the Great. Everyone who got there was automatically recorded in philistinism.

The boy did not stay in the shelter for long: immediately after the wedding of his parents, he was returned home, but Apollo remained a bourgeois, until he received his personal nobility in the year, after seniority.The stigma of the commoner and the “Baystryuk” haunted Grigoryev throughout his youth. After the death of their daughter, the Grigoryevs move to the Zamoskvorechye “secluded and strange corner of the world”, according to A.

Grigoryev, “nourished” and “cherished” him. Alexander Ivanovich entered the service of the Moscow magistrate, and although he held a minor position, the family lived comfortably. But, apparently, the shocks experienced were not in vain, at least for the mother. About once a month, she fell into a nervous state: "The eyes became cloudy and wild, yellow spots appeared on a tender face, an ominous smile appeared on thin lips." A few days later, Tatyana Andreevna came to her senses.

She somehow loved her son frantically, caressed and walked, combed his hair with her own, and kuta. In a word, the Poloshnka grew up - the name of Apollo - the real Barkchuk, was called at home, the maid Lukery put on and shoeing him until he became a thirteen -year -old undergrowth. Until seventeen years old, he was not released from home. From an early age, the main character of Apollo's character was excessive sensitivity and impressionability.

He did not live with reason and not common sense - Grigoryev carried out all his judgments on the basis of subjective acceptance or rejection, never relying on logic and objectivity. It is this total subjectivity that is the reason for the misunderstanding of Grigoriev by both contemporaries and descendants. Apollo's parents, belonging to different social layers, obviously were not spiritually close people.

Frequent quarrels, misunderstanding in the family, the indifference of the father, his lazy instructions to his son and the causeless explosions of rabies; A petty, picking, relentless opiaka of an illiterate mother - this is the atmosphere of the Grigoryevsky house. The boy’s stay next to his parents was accompanied by constant pulling, reproaches for made and unlawed pranks. It so happened that the only son of the “seven nannies” turned out to be “without eye”.

According to Grigoryev himself, in addition to good home education and material care, in spiritual terms, his parents did not give him anything, having also vaccinated the inferiority complex, which subconsciously felt all his short life Apollo. Feeling deprived of parental warmth, the boy instinctively strove for the patronizing support of other adults. This role was played by courtyards.

At any opportunity, Apollo ran into a barn or in the kitchen, where he could sit endlessly, listening to stories, watching work, and feeling that he could be himself here. In childhood, he was surrounded and nourished superstition and legend of the courtyards. The boy was long under the impression of the stories of the old grandfather, a distant relative living in the mesonin of their house in Zamoskvorechye, who only did what he read the sacred books and spoke with the full faith of the story about the dead and sorcerers.

Therefore, Apollo got Apollo's Hoffmann early. This fantastic mood was the dear one in his whole life. He always sought to test again and again, “sweet -ardent, painfully teasing the settings, this sensitivity to fantastic, this proximity of another strange world.” In the human Barschuk, he listened not only to fairy tales and songs, but also cynical conversations with swearing, and was a witness to the carelessness and drunkenness of the servants.

Kucher Vasily used to get drunk that Grigoryev-father was forced to rule the crew himself, and even hold the drunk so that he would not fall off the goat. The servant Ivan was not inferior to Kucher. The franceus boverner hired for Polshenka was attached for a long time, and even he washed down and once fell off the stairs, counting all the steps. Grigoryev-Ototets commented on this case in a comic-denominated tone: "He condescended to the underworld." The future poet often listened to how his father read old novels aloud to his illiterate wife.

Thus, Apollo Grigoryev’s introduction to literature took place.

Soon, he already read prose and poems, in Russian and French, tried to translate and compose. And besides, I learned to play piano, later mastered the guitar. After several visits to the theater with his father, Apollo fell in love with the scene for life and became a deep connoisseur of dramatic art. Despite the unnatural state of the “tradesman in the nobility”, the exalting of the mother and ugly house life, the child’s childhood, in comparison with his future life, passed serene.

The university - in August, bypassing the gymnasium, Apollo Grigoryev successfully passed the entrance exam and was accepted by the listener to the law faculty of Moscow University. Of course, he wanted to learn literature, but the practical father insisted that his son enter the Faculty of Law. Studying was the only way for Apollo to stand out, get rid of the inferiority complex to peers.

Some exceeded his talent, like A. Fet or Y. Polonsky, from which he came into despair. Others are origin. They possessed a “noble honor” in front of him, a representative of the tax estate, not a student, but a simple listener who does not have the right to an officer rank.On the other hand, Apollo believed that, having become a scientist, he would have fulfilled his son's duty, justifying his parents' hopes.

Thus, he would gain independence from their authority, in particular, from the moralizing of his father, appealing to his boarding education. To be successful in science meant to be on the way to happiness and freedom. Already in the first year, he wrote a study in French. The teachers did not even believe that this was an independent job. The university trustee himself Count S.

Stroganov called Grigoryev to himself and personally examined him. Seeing the knowledge of the listener, the count remarked: "You make you talk too much about yourself, you need to be cherished." The natural giftedness of Grigoryeva manifests itself at the university so brightly that it acts overwhelmingly on other students, violates the normal course of the educational process.

Young Grigoryev gave very high hopes. The university began close relations with A. Fet, Y. Polonsky, S. Solovyov and other outstanding young people who later played a noticeable role in Russian culture. Students gathered in the Grigoryevsky house in Malaya Polyanka, where from the beginning of the year A.