Biography of Bolivar Simon

Unless of Che Guevara. But about Che, and Bolivar still argue. Historians, politicians, ordinary citizens-all recognize their greatness, but everyone sees it in their own way. Probably, there is a “cult” of Bolivar - after all, by the number of monuments, few can compare with it, they are almost in every country in Latin America. But it is more important than the monuments of his business.

And not only because Bolivar is a Venezuela. The fact is that Simon Bolivar is not only an idol, a legend, but also a teacher for many Latin American politicians and revolutionaries. Some in the heritage of Bolivar pay attention to who with joy, who with anger on his words about the need for a strong hand and dictatorship in countries who are just familiar with democracy and civilization.

For others, his words about the justice and equality of all citizens of a free country, regardless of their wealth or titles, became the main ones. Simon Bolivar, reading documents - speeches, decrees, appeals of Simon Bolivar, do not forget when they were written and when you live and read them. But remember what other politicians of that time known to you wrote and said. For example, the rulers of Russia.

Or the Decembrists. The world, of course, has changed. The world has moved forward. But in many ways, thanks to people like liberators of Latin America, one of whom was a car. His father was one of the richest people in the country and the inheritance was subsequently useful to Simon when creating a liberation army. He lost his parents early, lost his sister, and at the very beginning of the war for independence and brother.

Simon never attended a school or university, but his two educators - Simon Rodriguez and Andres Belho and, of course, books - his beloved became the “Public Treaty” Jean Jacques Rousseau gave him knowledge that Simon Bolivar multiplied during his trips to Europe, meeting with outstanding people and becoming a witness to important events. He studied the law in Madrid, in Paris found the last days of the Great French Revolution, and in London he met his compatriot Francisco de Miranda - in the recent past colonel of the Spanish Army, a participant in the Great French Revolution, who fought for the independence of the United States and traveled a lot in Russia.

In the year in Madrid, Bolivar married and was about to return to Karakas to deal with the issues of her economy, but his wife died only a year after their marriage, having ill -feed, and Bolivar remained a few more years in Europe. In the year, Bolivar, together with his teacher and mentor Simon Rodriguez, was one of the outstanding Latin American scientists, teachers and enlighteners traveled to Italy.

There, on August 15, on the Monte-Sacro hill in Rome, he swore an oath: “I swear by my ancestors, I swear by their God, I swear by honor, I swear by my homeland that I will not give rest to my hands, I will not give peace of my soul until they fall chains that hold us under the oppression of Spanish domination.” In the year, after the invasion of Napoleon in Spain and the arrest of King Ferdinand, a situation was created for the colonies that can be compared with dual power: there is a new king - Bonaparte’s protege and there is the previous king, but displaced.

Venezuelan creola create a patriotic junta to protect the rights and interests of the “former” King Ferdinand, but soon transform it into an independent government. Simon Bolivar and his brother become the ambassadors of the new government - Simon in London, his brother in the USA, are looking for allies, supporters and weapons. It is in London that Simon Boltvar meets his compatriot, Francisco de Miranda, who has both political ties and military experience and invites Miranda to return to his homeland.

The Spanish government is already new to restore its influence in the colonies and then with the active participation of Bolivar and Miranda, who headed the Patriots, the Venezuelan Congress announces in the year the separation from Spain and the establishment of the republic. Miranda leads the leadership of the country and the army. However, the first Venezuelan Republic does not last long.

The Spanish army is more powerful and professional than the detachments of young revolutionaries and dealt with the rebels and sympathetic to them. The revolution is suppressed. Bolivar is in exile, and Miranda in a Spanish prison, where he will die in a few years. Moreover, Miranda falls into the hands of the Spaniards largely thanks to Bolivar. Historians interpret this episode of the biography of Simon Bolivar in different ways about this-in the biography of Francisco de Miranda.

After the defeat by the Spanish troops of the Venezuelan Army, if, of course, it can be called the army, rather, these were rebel detachments, Bolivar in the year settled in the new Granada of Colombia, but again returned to his homeland at the head of the armed detachment of volunteers. In May, Bolivar organizes the “invasion” in Venezuela and his detachment of the initial number of people around August with battles reaches the capital - Karakas - and occupies it!

The 2nd Venezuelan Republic is being created. Venezuela Congress proclaims Bolivar with a liberator.However, the forces of Bolivar are small, and the detachments of the landowners - "Laureros" and the ten thousandth corps of soldiers who arrived from Spain are opposed to him. They are entrusted with “order” in the country - they kill resistants, rob and houses those who supported the rebels.

Having lost about one and a half thousand supporters, Bolivar suffers another defeat and is forced to flee to the island of Yamaika. He will write about how the military operations passed, how cruelly and treacherously behaved, he will write in "appeal to the nations of the world." The entire continent, with the exception of several provinces of Argentina, is again under the rule of Spain.

From Jamaica, Bolivar in the year moves to Haiti, where Alexander Petion Mulatt, who served in the French army, who joined in the year to the Haiti slaves and became the president of the independent Republic of Haiti in the year, supports him in return to provide freedom to slaves in liberated Venezuela. Bolivar is trying to organize a liberation army, to unite the leaders of different detachments, each of whom is ready to consider himself the most important.

Having convinced someone, to someone something Sulia, punishing someone with an iron hand so with the mulatto General PR, who tried to remove the Bolivar from the authorities and was shot by the sentence of the military tribunal. In addition to unification of his, “local” forces, Bolivar is also created by the corps of volunteers from Europeans - British, Irish, French, Germans and even Russians.

Patriotism is wonderful, but professionals should fight with a professional army. In the year, Bolivar is again landing on the continent. He issues a decree on the abolition of slavery and this contributes to the fact that the support of the population during its new landing in Venezuela is significantly higher than before. He really carries liberation - and not only to the country, but also to many ordinary people.

Later, he will release decrees on the confiscation of the property of the Spanish crown and royalists, on the landing of the land of the liberation army. And he will announce that there will be no almond with enemies. The war for liberation is a war. And if the enemy is atrocities, then he will not be mercy. Bolivar captures the Angostura district, then makes a march through the mountains of the Andes to Bogota Columbia and captures it, then returns to Venezuela.

It is easy to say “captures” and “returns” - through the mountains, the jungle, and in the army there are no cars or aircraft - only cavalry and infantry, and artillery guns. Even for a tourist, such a transition is not so simple. And here the war is constant clashes and battles with the enemy. In Spain, meanwhile, a bourgeois revolution takes place. Bolivar concludes with the commander of the Spanish troops General Morillo Torment, soon Morillo will be withdrawn to Spain.

And then Bolivar liberates Karakas - the capital of Venezuela. Then his detachments liberate the new Granada. In February, in the city of Ango -Story, the capital of the provinces freed from the Spanish dominance of the provinces, the National Congress called on the initiative of Bolivar. Once again, the independence of Venezuela is already finally proclaimed. Bolivar acts with a speech in which he sets out his views on the construction of state power, speaks of the difficulties that adhere to the peoples who gained freedom, about the principles of separation of powers.

In August, the Constitution proposed by Bolivar was adopted, and in December he was elected president proclaimed by the National Congress of the Republic of the Great Colombia, which included Venezuela and New Granada, and in the year Ecuador. Great Columbia - becomes the largest state in Latin America, which lasted up to a year. However, about 20 soldiers in neighboring Peru are still threatening the new country.

The fight against them is waged by the Argentino-Chilian-Puruenic Army under the command of General Jose de San Martin. San Martin has already freed Chile and fights in Peru, but his strength is small. Most of what happened at this meeting remains covered with a secret, but one thing is clear: the great commanders cannot agree on joint actions. General San Martin has an order to free Peru.

And he needs help. And even if two great people win the freedom of the Continent countries, they need to think about what will happen later, after the victory. What will happen to the liberated pen? Where will it go? It will become independent, like Chile, just released by San Martin? Or how will the Ecuador join the Great Colombia, which is led by Bolivar? The Chileans, freed by San Martin, offered San Martin to become the head of state.

The Peruvians proclaimed their independence and declared San Martin a “protector” - a defender. But who will lead the country after the final liberation? Bolivar or San Martin? But all this later, after the victory, and now the most difficult: who will command the troops? The true content of negotiations between Bolivar and San Martin, their thoughts, doubts, remain unknown to this day.

They conducted negotiations alone. However, after their completion, San Martin leaves Peru. The soldiers of the Bolivar army step into fighting with the Spaniards and in a few years they liberate the rest of the country.The last battles are brilliantly conducted by the young General Sukre, whose biography will be written by Bolivar for historians. Two new states are proclaimed - Bolivia and Peru.

The decisive battle of Ayakucho on December 9, in which the liberation army under the command of General Sukre defeated the troops of the Spaniards, Bolivar became not only the president of the Great Colombia, but also the dictator of Peru in the year, but a year later leds Bolivia.

Further, Bolivar tried to ensure stability and development, to create a single state. He convened in Panam an interlatino American congress of representatives of different states, but Bolivar’s ideas about the creation of a strong single Latin American state were not supported by a single leadership. The murmur and his ideas and aspirations for managing the economy, the development of education and the construction of new schools, ensuring the rights of the Indians, building relations with the church, reform of the judicial system, and nationalization of natural resources.

The local Latifundists were alien to Bolivar's concern for the poor, who were pleased in Latin America. The churchmen did not like the ideas about the ban on the Inquisition and the separation of the church from the state. The slave owners did not like Bolivar's concern for the Indians and their rights. The unity in the struggle for independence does not turn into unity after its acquisition.