Luther Reformation Biography

How Martin Luther and Reformation changed German society. This is only one of many legends associated with the name of the reformer, which they continue to tell with pleasure, despite the lack of written evidence. In the end, it is not so important whether Luther really uttered these words. After all, everyone is already known to everyone's love of nature. It is important to show how much he influenced German society.

Researchers suggest that this saying attributed to the reformer only after the Second World War. In the years when people lived in uncertainty regarding the future, they remembered Luther. And now we have celebrated years from the date of publication of 95 theses, which means that the time has come again to contact Luther and once again make sure how much his influence is still. Who was Martin Luther?

Martin Luther was born in the year in the city of Luther was a believing Christian and a theologian hardened in disputes. Gradually, he began to doubt the teachings of the Church. How can you buy a salvation of the soul for money? Why is the word pope more important than the Bible? Luther, already as a professor of theology, published 95 abstracts criticizing the Catholic Church.

At the beginning of the city of Worms in the presence of Emperor Charles V. Luther demonstrated adamance. In those days, thanks to the invention of printing, he became a real author of bestseller. Hiding from the persecution in the castle of Wartburg, he translated the New Testament into German. The people and princes accepted his creed. The attitude of Luther to the Jews was difficult: at first he hoped that they would be able to “turn” them, but at the end of his life he became a fiery anti -Semite.

Luther married the former nun Katarina von Bor. He died in G. What does the Reformation mean?

The Reformation was a movement for renewing a church, which covered almost all of Europe and split Christianity into Protestants and Catholics. Anglicanism arose in England, that is, the national Protestant church. A common feature of all Protestants was the rejection of the then papism, orientation to the Bible and the “doctrine of grace”. According to this doctrine, a person can acquire salvation only through divine grace, and not with good deeds.

In them, he collapsed, first of all, to church trade by indulgences. Subsequently, the conflict between the old church and the renovationists flared up even more. As a result, new denominations separated from Catholicism. From now on, a confessional border passed through Europe. This division caused a thirty -year war - and gave rise to almost two different populations within Europe, because interfaith marriages were rather an exception.

What is the difference from Catholicism? Protestants opposed the traditional church with a haorder. Protestants generally act with the idea of ​​“priesthood of all believers”: this means that every baptized person is directly related to God and does not need mediation from the priest. In the 20th century, Catholicism partially took this teaching. The highest authority for the Protestant is the word Jesus, embodied in the Bible, while in Catholicism it was obscured by dad and cathedrals.

Another difference is the number of sacraments. There are seven sacraments in the Catholic Church: baptism, confirmation of anointing, Eucharist Communion, repentance, oil -humor of the patients, priesthood, marriage. The Protestants remain only baptism and the Eucharist. The significance of the Eucharist is also different: in Catholics, bread and wine are contrasted in the body and blood of Christ, and in Lutheran there is simply Jesus in it.

The reformed church recognizes the Eucharist only as the memory of the sacrificial death of Christ. How did the Reformation change Germany? The Reformation influenced Germany in two respects: firstly, the country broke up into two confessional camps, while in many other countries either one or another faith. Secondly, Protestantism caused serious transformations in both the spiritual and practical sphere.

So, the Luther translation of the Bible contributed to the formation of a single literary language. Thanks to him, a cult of reading arose in all Protestant regions. In the visual arts, the situation was different. Catholicism was a culture of the image, and in Lutheran churches the images did not matter much, while in the reformist church they disappeared altogether. The connection of Protestantism and political freedom turned out to be ambiguous.

The most published book in Germany of the XVI century. It refers to religious freedom. When the German peasants rose to the struggle for freedom and began to refer to Luther, he sharply condemned their actions. Nevertheless, threads are drawn from Luther and other reformers to the idea of ​​modern political freedom. They attacked papism, referring to the Bible as the highest authority.

But at the same time, they fell upon secular rulers. On the other hand, the Lutheran Church developed in close connection with the sovereign princes, so that some researchers lead to Luther the supposedly typically German mentality of the subject. What resonance did the reform in other countries cause?At first, the Reformation spread throughout Northern Europe, and the south, Poland and Lithuania remained mainly Catholic.

Protestantism spread around the world from Europe. The United States of America was formed under the strong influence of various evangelical denominations - Baptists, Adventists, Quakers. Their influence penetrated not only in everyday life, but also into economic relations. Radical Protestants like an Evangelican still put forward the requirements of an extremely conservative policy.

Currently, the evangelicals are active even in the traditionally Catholic countries of South America. In many states of Subsachard Africa, a large Protestant population lives, which originates in the European colonial movement.