Tuchkov 4 biography

Major General Artist D. At the beginning of the 19th century in the Russian army served and reached the General Chine five Tuchkov brothers. During the Patriotic War, four brothers were in the actual service, and the youngest of them, Alexander Alekseevich, was called the fourth cloud at that time. Thanks to the position of the father, the general of the engineering troops, the combat ally of Rumyantsev, Alexander Tuchkov was eleven years old in the first officer rank, seventeen in captains, and at twenty-two years old, not once in battle.

Three years later, he retired and went abroad to replenish his education. The educated, like all his advanced contemporaries, on the ideas of French encyclopedists and worshiping the heroes of Ancient Rome, who preferred the public good to personal, the clouds headed for Paris. There he had the opportunity to observe important political events and hear the speech of the Republican L.

Carno, the only person who publicly protested against the establishment of the Napoleonic empire. Soon after returning to Russia, Tuchkov settled in Moscow and again entered military service. In his free hours, a young and beautiful colonel was looking for not only entertainment - he highly appreciated the society of educated people and was his man in the house of the poet I. In the year he married Margarita Mikhailovna Naryshkina, and at the end of the same year went on a campaign against the French.

The fight near Naked was the combat baptism of Tuchkov, in which the summer colonel showed rare courage and self -control. The official document records that he "acted under a hail of bullets and cards, as on teaching." Two weeks after that, Tuchkov was appointed chief of the Revel Infantry Regiment, with which his fate was now connected. At the head of this regiment, in May, he participated in avant-garde battles under the bastard bosses and earned the Order of George the 4th degree.

After the battle of Friedland, Tuchkov wrote to his elder brother Nikolai Tuchkov to the first, to whom he was especially attached: “Regardless of the nuclei, crankcases and bullets, I am completely healthy. I participated in two bloody battles. The last was especially cruel, where for 20 hours I was subjected to everything that only the battles were terrible.

Happiness led me out of battle. My salvation I attribute to the miracle in the year Tuchkov with my regiment spoke in Finland. Having distinguished himself in the battles at Cuopio and Idensalmi, he was promoted to Major General thirty-one. The spring of the year in Finland was surprisingly late and cold - in March there were frosts to degrees and lay deep snow. It was at this time that Tuchkov fought near Thorneo and, according to his contemporary, due to the care of the general in his regiment, was not at all frostbitten and lagging behind.

On the night of May 3, Tuchkov with a detachment was sent to the rear of the enemy. Twenty -four miles walked Russians, sometimes waist -deep in ice water, and in the morning they went ashore and attacked the Swedes, amazed by their unexpected appearance.

There is evidence that Tuchkov was accompanied by the rarely difficult campaign of that year was accompanied by his young wife, dressed by a moneylender who tirelessly and meekly shared the hardships of camping life with him. After the end of the Russian-Swedish war, Tuchkov asked him to dismiss him, but the military reputation of the young general was so high that he was kept in the service and appointed the brigade commander, who consisted of the Revel and Murom Infantry Regiments.

This brigade was part of the 3rd Infantry Corps, which before the war of the year was located on the western border under the command of General N. Tuchkov the First. Shortly before the start of hostilities, Margarita Mikhailovna gave birth to a son named after her older brother Nikolai. The task of this detachment was to detain the main forces of the French, tearing to the Great Smolensk road along which the Barclay army was moving.

The battle lasted all day on August 7, and already in the dark with the last bayonet counterattack P. Tuchkov was wounded by a saber in the head, bayonet to the side and captured by the French. Three weeks, until Borodin, Alexander Tuchkov was not in battle. On this great day, the 3rd Infantry Corps was placed in the extreme left flank of Russian positions, near the village of Utitsa.

At about eight in the morning, when the forces of the army of Bagration began to exhausted under the onslaught of the best French corps, defending the fortifications near the village of Semenovskaya, Konovnitsyn’s division, which included Brigade A., hurried to his aid from the Utitsa. Still on the march, rebuilt into the columns to the attack, she entered the very baked battle. According to an eyewitness, who was at these minutes next to Tuchkov, “the nuclei poured on Semenovskoye, the trees fell like mowed, the huts were destroyed as theatrical decorations; The air howled continuously, and the earth trembled French bullets and buckshot pulled the whole lines of the Revelsky regiment.

Seeing that the soldiers were hesitating, Tuchkov, grabbing the banner of the 1st battalion, rushed forward, but immediately collapsed, struck by the buckshot. In a few minutes the place in which he fell plowed the French nuclei. Three hours later, at the village of Utitsa, General N. Tuchkov was mortally wounded.When he was carried away from the battlefield, he found out about the death of his younger brother.

Two months have passed. The army of Napoleon, retreating from Moscow, was moving past the Borodino field, on which more than fifty thousand human bodies expired. Following the French, peasants of the surrounding villages came to this terrible field. It was necessary to destroy the remains of people and horses so that they did not become a source of infection of the whole region.

The bonfires on which the corpses were burned. And in their smoke, between the groups of peasants and the mountains of dead bodies, two figures, dressed in black, moved - Margarita Mikhailovna Tuchkova and accompanying her the old monk of the near Kolotsky monastery. The inaccurate widow was looking for the remains of her husband. And did not find them. Three years after the end of the war with Napoleon, Tuchkov built a small church near the village of Semenovskaya, in the place where, according to eyewitnesses, her husband fell.

But the unfortunate woman was expected by new difficult trials. In the year, in the Decembrist case, Margarita Mikhailovna’s beloved brother, Colonel M. Naryshkin, was then arrested, then sentenced to exile in Siberia, and a year later her only fourteen -year -old son died. Having buried the boy in the church she built, M. Tuchkova founded a convent here and became his nun, then the abbess.

Looking at the portrait of Maria, which has survived to our time, was called Tuchkova-it is difficult to believe that it was a bloodless, ascetic face belonged to a woman, once glorified by her beauty, grace, cheerfulness, amazing musicality and a beautiful voice. On August 26, a monument to the fallen soldiers was solemnly opened on the Borodino field on August 26, and after that maneuvers were held at the battlefield.

Two corps of troops repeated the main movements and attacks of the Russian and French armies, accompanying them with artillery and gun shooting with idle charges. Thousands of bayonets sparkled through clubs of powder smoke, thousands of bayonets sparkled, and shelves of cavalry regiments rushed together. Nicholas I invited this spectacular spectacle to admire the abbess of the Transfiguration Monastery at the hill on the hill.

But despite the fact that 27 years have passed since the fatal day of the Borodino battle, the widow of Tuchkov of the fourth so vividly imagined his death that she fell into a deep fainting. With difficulty, the royal label-medika brought her to her senses. Margarita Mikhailovna, mother Maria, survived her husband for forty years. She died in the year. Portrait of A. Tuchkov is one of the most memorable in the gallery.

He is alien to the artistic militaryness. The sadly thoughtful face of the young general, as if anticipating his early death. The author of the image from which this portrait was written in the workshop of the DOW managed to convey the charming romantic appearance of the hero. Fedor Glinka, a participant in the Patriotic War, wrote: “In these features, especially on the mouth and in the eyes, there is a soul!

According to these features, you can guess that the person to whom they belong has a heart, has an imagination, knows how to dream and think in a military uniform. ” Note that, probably at the request of the widow of A. Tuchkov, the painter depicted a medal on his uniform for participating in the war of the year. The participants in the campaign received such medals only in the year, but Tuchkov undoubtedly deserved it with his heroic death in the Borodino field.