Andropov biography nationality

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. He was called the most mysterious leader of the Soviet Union, and still the white spots of its biography and his activities in the supreme echelons of power, as well as the trace left by him in the history of the country, haunts historians and researchers. Information about parents vary, as well as information about exactly where the future Secretary General was born.

According to one of the most reliable versions, this happened at the Nagutskaya railway station of the Stavropol province. Father worked as a telegraph player at Nagutskaya station and died of typhoid in the year. The widow moved with a six -year -old son to Mozdok and soon married Greek Andropulo, who adopted Yuri. The stepfather soon died, leaving his last name in the “inheritance” converted into Russian-Andropov and daughter Valentin after a year Vladimir Lieberman for some reason changed his last name to Andropov.

Perhaps because of this, being already at the top of the authorities, Andropov did not like to remember his early years. Up to a year, Yuri-Grigory had a double surname: Andropov-Fedorov. Some researchers of his biography claim that the name of the biological father remained unknown, and the boy’s childhood took place first with one stepfather, then with another. Andropov himself remoded information about himself several times.

In one of the autobiographies, he announced the following data: his father was from the Don Cossacks, a railway employee, a mother from the philistines. Mother died in the year when I was five years old, my father was in the year. My mother did not remember my parents, in infancy she was thrown into the family of the merchant Flekenstein and was brought up in her until sixteen.

She got married early and soon after my birth she divorced her husband. Her second husband, my stepfather, - Fedorov Viktor Alekseevich. In his family, I was brought up until the end of the railway school in the year, before the beginning of an independent life. In the further autobiographies of Andropova, his mother, Evgenia Karlovna Flekenstein, “died” several more times: in, year.

Then, filling the questionnaire as a Komsomol worker, Andropov wrote that his mother was a housewife, and died of brain inflammation. He worked at Art. Nagutskaya on duty at the station. In the year he is transferred to Art. Beslan sowing. Father studied at the Institute of Railways, but was excluded from there for drunkenness. Father died in the year from rash typhoid. Mother came out a second time in the year.

My stepfather is an assistant to a steam locomotive driver. In or stepfather in view of the difficult financial situation, he rushes to study in the city of Ordzhonikidze b. Vladikavkaz in the college of roads and moves to live on Art. Mozdok sowing. There he first worked as a caretaker of the buildings, and then an instructor in a locksmith and now works in the same place. Mother comes from Moscow a craftsman's family.

On the station. Mozdok works as a teacher in group I and II. She died in the year from paralysis. I entered the school in the year at Art. Graduated in the year. In Komsomol from a year. Adult life, according to Andropov, began for him in the city of Rybinsk, where in the year he graduated from the navigation department of the technical school of water transport. In parallel with his studies, he worked as a sailor on the vessel "Profiter", helm, navigator and third assistant captain on the vessels of the Verkhnevolzhsky river shipping company.

Andropov never became captain, and he was not taken to the Red Army - his vision deteriorated sharply, and diabetes were found on the medical commission. As for further education, the documents indicate: he studied in absentia at the Historical and Philology Faculty of the Petrozavodsk Karelian-Finnish State University, which did not graduate from transferring to Moscow, and in the year an extermin, without passing the exams received a diploma of graduation at the Central Committee of the CPSU.

This purpose was preceded by Andropov’s very odious performance at a meeting in the Yaroslavl regional committee of the Komsomol, where he directly turned from the rostrum to the first secretary Boris Pavlov: Comrade. Pavlov - this meeting should be toothy. You must use this meeting in order to arrange a scimit for the city committees and district committees and departments of student students.

You must extract conclusions, also our employees, in particular, Comrade Skvortsov, who is entrusted with this great work in the regional committee. Therefore, you need more severity, and your meeting is peacefully, while you should have a swearing, of course, I mean political swearing. The meeting should be of a special nature of the severity, especially now because there is nothing to hide sin - it is not clear from the technical schools that the Komsomol congress has passed, and you only come up with the report that has been done.

Of course, you need to know what is being done, but we need to talk about how to do it further, how to lead the city committee and the district committee, how to work yourself, and you need to solve the main practical task in every way - you need to study, and everything is formed from here, up to the point that if you have a stench in a technical school, it interferes with studying, and when you enter the technical school, you feel the stink of the restroom.

Surprisingly, the daring Komsomolets did not even blame such statements.The fact is that in the middle of x Andropov, due to the fear that his foggy biography will begin to closely analyze, began to cooperate with the NKVD. One of the veterans of state security told about this at one time.

The repressions of the year did not touch Yuri Vladimirovich, while all his predecessors were arrested in significant posts of the Yaroslavl regional committee of the Komsomol. In the summer of the year, the flame Komsomol member was sent to work in the newly formed Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic, where he became the first secretary of the Komsomol Central Committee. He remained on underground work during the Great Patriotic War.

He began to wear a tunic, overcoat, officer boots and took the call sign “Mogican”. The ski races, which Yuri was fond of before the war, went into the past, although they came in handy for the Komsomol members who participated in sabotage groups in the temporarily occupied territories by the Finnish troops. Andropov himself did not ask for the war what the commissar and the head of the partisan movement, Gennady Kupriyanov, wrote: Yuri Vladimirovich himself did not ask to send him to war, underground or partisans, as many workers older than his age were persistently asked.

Moreover, he often complained about sick kidneys. And in general for poor health. He also had another argument for refusing to send him underground or a partisan detachment: he had a wife in Belomorsk, she just gave birth to a child ... [Unwillingness] was dictated by an exceptionally large chronic cowardice and an amazing gift of adaptability that he possessed.

A truce with Finland was concluded in the year. Andropov was appointed second secretary of the Petrozavodsk city committee of the CPSU b. In this post, he was engaged in the restoration of the republic after the war. He was awarded the orders of the Red Banner of Labor. At the same time, he actively worked on the creation of a favorable party image. He was again bypassed by repression, this time in the so -called "Leningrad case." Andropov managed to please the chairman of the Supreme Council of the Karelian-Finnish SSR Otto Kuusinen, who made sure that the active party worker was transferred to Moscow.

Andropov made reports to Moscow, frankly reporting on the events. When, at the request of the Hungarian rulers in the year, the contingent of the Soviet troops was withdrawn from Budapest and the war began in the country for independence, the diplomat survived not the best weeks in his career. Several times a sniper, an embassy machine in which he rode with a military attache, could get into it, fell under the shelling of the rebels.

With his direct participation, the Hungarian uprising was suppressed, one of the leaders, Imre Nadi, was executed, although Andropov, during the negotiations, promised to let him out of the country. Events in Hungary posted a deep imprint on the personality of Andropov. At the beginning of X Andropov became a member of the Central Committee of the Party, and then his secretary.

His career developed rapidly, he knew how to find himself at the right time in the right place. The editor of the then magazine “Problems of Peace and Socialism” Georgy Shakhnazarov, recalling the acquaintance with Yuri Vladimirovich, wrote in Andropov in an incomprehensible way two different people got along - the Russian intellectual in the normal meaning of this concept and an official who sees life destiny in the party’s service.

I emphasize: it is not the work of communism, not abstract concepts about the good of the people, country, state, namely the party as organizing self-sufficient, not requiring some other, more exalted goals for its justification. He took his appointment to the post of head of the KGB first painfully, considering this to be removed from the most significant state affairs.

But, accustomed to fulfilling the directives of the party, he diligently got down to business. Gradually, the powers of the KGB expanded and spread to all spheres of life both by society and the state. It was in the Andropov period of the KGB leadership that the fight against dissidents intensified. Andropov personally pursued dissenters and tried to expand the spheres of his influence.

With his assistance, the first special forces was created to combat terrorism, which later became widely known as Alpha. Basically, on his initiative, Soviet troops were introduced into Afghanistan - this gave him an advantage in the struggle for power, from which the army left his efforts, getting involved in a long unpromising war. Doctor of Historical Sciences Alexander Puthenkov so later described fifteen months of the reign of the country of Yuri Vladimirovich: becoming the Secretary General, he immediately began to create a new team.

Andropov always attached special importance to the staff, took note of promising and effective leaders. Andropov was sure that it was necessary to increase the authority of power, understood that society was tired of lies, corrupted by the cult of laziness and life for his pleasure, which the good and cheerful Leonid Ilyich gave all the “progressive humanity”.

During his reign, Yuri Vladimirovich managed to be remembered by the people as a “strong hand”, a fighter with bribery and embezzlement, the “inspirer” of vodka “Andropovka”. But he, according to many historians, almost put the external political situation on the line of disaster. US President Ronald Reagan called the tragic incident a “crime against humanity”, relations between countries entered the “hot” stage.

Nevertheless, in the year the Time magazine called Andropov along with the President of America the man of the year and gave him the following characteristics on his pages: he has a reputation for the most informed and smart Soviet leader since Lenin. Western diplomats who visited him in the initial period of his stay in power were struck by his ability to operate with facts and his sarcastic humor.

And the French Foreign Minister, who met with Andropov, found him deprived of oddity and human warmth, which Russian Andropov manifest him so often, according to Richard Nixon, can be a more dangerous opponent than any of the last Soviet leaders, but also the best leader with whom the United States can develop relations on the principle - live and let others live.

The personal life of Yuri Andropova studies at the Rybinsk technical school of water transport faded into the background, when Yuri met Nina Englycheva, who studied at the same technical school at the electrical department.