Biography Lenin Book

Lenin ”begins with the record:“ April, 10 was born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin. The father of Vladimir Ilyich - Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov was at that time the inspector, and then - the director of the people's schools of the Simbirsk province. He came from the poor bourgeois of the city of Astrakhan. His father was previously a serf peasant. Lenin’s mother, Maria Alexandrovna, was the daughter of a doctor A.

is curious that Lenin himself did not know many details of his pedigree. In their family, as in the families of other “rachers”, it was somehow not customary to delve into their “genealogical roots”. This is later, after the death of Vladimir Ilyich, when interest in such problems began to grow, his sisters took up these research. Therefore, when in the year Lenin received a detailed questionnaire of the desk, to the question about the birth of his grandfather’s occupation from his father’s side sincerely answered: “I don’t know.” Grandfather, great -grandfather and great -great -grandfather of Lenin were really serfs.

Great -great -grandfather - Nikita Grigoryevich Ulyanin - was born in the year. According to the audit tale of the year, he and the family of the youngest son of Theophan was recorded as the courtyard of the landowner of the village of Androsov of the Sergach District of the Nizhny Novgorod governorship of Martha Semenovna Myakinina. According to the same audit, his eldest son Vasily Nikitich Ulyanin, the year of birth, with his wife Anna Semionovna and the children of the same time, lived in the same place, but were listed as the courtyard of the cornet Stepan Mikhailovich Brekhov.

According to the audit of the year, Lenin’s grandfather Nikolai Vasilievich, 25 years old, idle, at first lived with his mother and brothers in the same village, but they were already listed by the courtyard people of the minor minister Mikhail Stepanovich Brekhov. He was, of course, he was listed, but he was no longer in the village ... In the Astrakhan archive, a document is stored - “Lists of the registered ranks of the runaway from different provinces of the landlord peasants”, where “Nikolai Vasiliev is the son of Ulyanin ...

Nizhny Novgorod province, the Sergachsky District, the village of Androsov, the landowner Stepan Mikhailovich, is recorded under the number. Brekhova peasant. I was excommunicated in the year. " It was unknown to be a fugitive to the fugitive and bought up-it is not known exactly, but in the year in Astrakhan Nikolai Vasilievich was transferred to the category of state peasants, and in the year they accepted into the philistine estate, into the Portical artisan workshop.

Vladimir Ulyanov in his youth also preserved his signs: “The growth of 2 arshins and 6 tops, 9 cm. Compare these signs with a police certificate of Lenin, and you will see “who the grandson went to”. Getting rid of serfdom and becoming a free person, Nikolai Vasilievich changed his name “Ulyanin” to “Ulyaninov”, and then “Ulyanov”. Soon he married the daughter of the Astrakhan tradesman Alexei Lukyanovich Smirnov - Anna Alekseevna, who was born in the year and was 18 years younger than her husband.

Based on some archival documents, the writer Marietta Shaginyan put forward a version according to which Anna Alekseevna is not her own daughter Smirnova, but a baptized Kalmyk, who was released from slavery and allegedly only in March of the year. There is no indisputable evidence of this version, especially since the son Alexander, who died for 4 months from the family, was born from this marriage, the son of Vasily was born in the year, in M ​​- daughter Maria, in M ​​- Theodosia and, finally, in July, when his father was already over 60, the son of Ilya.

They settled in Astrakhan, near the Volga, on the so -called spit, on a former Cossack street in a two -story house with a brick bottom and a wooden top. Together with them, Anna Alekseevna’s sister, Tatyana Alekseevna Smirnova, who was considered the “godfather”, lived with them all her life. And when in the year they made lists of the recruitment set, the philistine Nikolai Ulyanov and his sons Vasily and Ilya appeared in them - “indigenous Russian origin”.

After the death of Nikolai Vasilyevich, care of the maintenance of the family and raising children fell on the eldest son Vasily Nikolaevich. Working at that time the clerk of the Brothers Sapozhnikovs, the well -known in Astrakhan and not acquiring his own family, he managed to provide not only prosperity in the house, but also gave the younger Ilya education. In the year, Ilya Nikolaevich graduated from the Astrakhan gymnasium with a silver medal, entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of Kazan University, and successfully graduated from it, receiving the title “Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences” and the right to teach in secondary educational institutions.

And although he was offered to remain at the department for “improving in scientific work” - and this was insisted by the famous mathematician N. Lobachevsky - Ilya Nikolaevich preferred the “career” of the teacher. The first place of his work - from May 7 - was the noble institute in Penza. The service was successful. He was approved as a senior teacher of high school mathematics, and in the year he was awarded the medal “In memory of the war - years” and gave the rank of titular adviser.

In July, Ivan Dmitrievich Veretennikov came to the post of inspector of the noble institute. Ilya Nikolaevich made friends with him and his wife, and in the same year, Anna Alexandrovna Veretennikova, a nee formed a nee introduced him to Maria Alexandrovna, who came to visit his sister for the winter.Ilya Nikolaevich began to help Maria Alexandrovna in preparation for the examination of the teacher, and she was in colloquial English.

Young people fell in love with each other, and in the spring of the year an engagement took place.

And in August they played a wedding, and the “girl Maria Blank” became the wife of the court adviser - this rank was also granted in July - Ilya Nikolayevich Ulyanov. The genealogy of the Families Blank was investigated by A. Ulyanov, M. Ulyanov, and in recently, M. Shaginyan, A. Petrov, M. Stein, V. Tsaplin and others. Anna Ilyinichna says: “The elders could not find out to us.

The surname seemed to us a French root, but there was no data about such an origin. I personally had a long time to have the idea of ​​the possibility of Jewish origin, which was mainly a message from the mother, that his grandfather was born in Zhytomyr - a famous Jewish center. Grandmother - mother of mother - was born in St. Petersburg and was a German from Riga by origin.

But while with her mother’s relatives, her mother and her sisters were supported for quite some time, nobody heard about her family relatives, A. Blank. He was, as it were, cut off a slam, which also brought me to the idea of ​​his Jewish origin. No grandfather’s stories about his childhood or youth in his daughters have been preserved in memory ”1. A. Ulyanova informed Stalin about the results of the search for her assumptions that confirmed her assumption.

And her sister Maria Ilyinichna also believed that this fact “let it be known someday in a hundred years” 3. A hundred years have not yet passed, but the already published data allow you to draw with sufficient confidence to draw the family form of the Blanques 4. Great -grandfather, Moshe Itskovich Blank, was born, apparently, in the year. The first mention of him is contained in the revision of the year, where Moisha Blank was recorded among the bourgeois of the city of Staroconstantin, the Volyn province.

Where did he come from in these places is unknown. A few years ago, the famous bibliographer Maya Dvorkina introduced a curious fact into scientific circulation5. Somewhere in the middle of the x, archivist Julian Grigoryevich Oxman, who was engaged in the director of the Lenin library Vladimir Ivanovich Nevsky by studying the genealogy of Lenin, discovered the petition of one of the Jewish communities of the Minsk province, dates back to the beginning of the 19th century, about the release of a certain boy from the presentation of a certain Minsk official, and after all Like, the community should not pay for it.

The name of the boy was a form. According to Oksman, Nevsky drove him to Kamenev, and then the three of them came to Bukharin. Showing the document, Kamenev muttered: "I always thought so." To which Bukharin answered him: “What do you think, it doesn’t matter, but what are we going to do? And since then no one has seen this document. So, the document was discovered about a year. After 45 years, in the year, Oksman nevertheless told the Italian historian Franco Venturi about him.

At the same time, V. Pugachev was present, who, after 25 years, in the year, published in Saratov his story about this fact6. If Pugachev really remembered the date of the document for sure, then the whole story has nothing to do with Moshe Blanka. At the beginning of the 19th century, he was no longer a boy, but a completely mature husband. But we must take into account the possibility that chronological inaccuracy crept into multiple retelling and we are dealing with a “spoiled phone”.

One way or another, but Moshe appeared a form in Staroconstantinov, being already an adult, and in the year he married the local summer girl Maryam Marem Frimovich. From subsequent revisions it is clear that Moshe read the form both in Hebrew and in Russian, had his own house, was engaged in trade and plus the land, which he sowed with Tsikoriy. In the year, he had a son of Aba Abel, and in M ​​- the second son of Srul Israel.

Tsaplin notes that from the very beginning, M. Blanc did not have relations with the local Jewish community. He was a “man who did not want or, perhaps, did not know how to find a common language with his fellow tribesmen” 7. In other words, the community simply hated him. And after the year during the fire, and possibly arson, the blank house burned down, the family moved to Zhytomyr.

Many years later, in September, M. Blank wrote a letter to Emperor Nicholas I, from which it is clear that he had “renounced the Jews” “40 years ago”, but because of the “excessively pious wife”, who died in the year, adopted Christianity and received the name of Dmitry only on January 1 of the year. However, the reason for the letter was different: while maintaining the hostility to his fellow tribesmen, Dmitry Moisha Blank proposed - in order to assimilate Jews - to prohibit them from wearing national clothing, and most importantly - to oblige them to pray in the synagogues for the Russian emperor and the imperial surname.

It is curious that in October of the year this letter was reported to Nicholas I, and he completely agreed with the proposals of the “baptized Jew Blanca”, as a result of which they banned the wearing of national clothing in the year, and in the year the corresponding text of the prayer was introduced. Stein, who collected and carefully analyzed the most complete data on the pedigree of the forms, rightly noted that by hostility to his people Dmitry Blanc “can be compared, perhaps, only with another baptized Jew - one of the founders and leaders of the Moscow Union of the Russian people V.

that the Blank decided to break with the Jewish community long before his baptism, testified to another. Both of his sons, Abel and Israel, like his father, also knew how to read Russian, and when a county boat school opened in Zhitomir in the year, they were enrolled in him and successfully graduated. From the point of view of the Jews believers, it was blasphemy. Nevertheless, belonging to the Jewish religion didom them to live in the borders of the "Pale of Settlement".

And only the event that happened in the spring of the year sharply changed the fate of young people. In April, Zhytomyr arrived on a business trip “High Chin” - the ruler of the so -called “Jewish Committee” Senator and poet Dmitry Osipovich Baranov. Somehow, the form managed to meet him, and he asked the senator to assist his sons upon admission to the medical and surgical academy in St.

Petersburg. Baranov did not sympathize with the Jews, but at that time the conversion of two “lost souls” to Christianity was, in his opinion, a good deed, and he agreed. The brothers immediately went to St. Petersburg and filed a petition to the name of Metropolitan of Novgorod, St. Petersburg, Estland and Finland Mikhail. The petition was satisfied, and already on May 25, the priest of the Church of St.

Sampsonia in St. Petersburg Fedor Barsov of both brothers “enlightened” in St. Petersburg.