Biography of N Chernyshevsky
Kursk is the biography of Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich - a Russian writer, publicist, literary critic, one of the leaders of the contemporary magazine during the years, the philosopher, the ancestor of the populism and the ideological inspirer of the revolutionary movement in Russia to Kursk have nothing to do and is unlikely to be in our region.
Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky was born on July 12 in Saratov in the priest’s family, and studied at the Saratov Theological Seminary. But then, in the year, he sharply changes his life course and enters the historical and philological faculty of St. Petersburg University, where he studies for a year. Then he teaches for some time at the Saratov gymnasium. Even in the year he is attended by the idea of creating an eternal engine, for several years he is trying to make it to facilitate human labor.
But nothing happens and, finally, having left this idea, in the year Chernyshevsky finally moves to St. Petersburg. Marries, and in the next four years, three sons are born to him. Chernyshevsky works as a teacher of the Russian language and literature in the second Cadet Corps and is at the same time printed in the magazines “Domestic Notes” and “Contemporary”. At the University of St.
Petersburg, he defends the master's thesis "Aesthetic relations of art to reality." In the “Contemporary”, for and years, his “Essays on the Gogol period of Russian literature” is printed, and Nekrasov, leaving abroad, officially reports the powers of the editor of “Contemporary” to Chernyshev. In the year, Chernyshevsky, having arrived on business in London, meets there with Herzen, who issues the first revolutionary Russian newspaper Bell.
Chernyshevsky himself also writes articles in his publication, "Stunning the main principles of the monarchical power." In after three censorship warnings to which Chernyshevsky does not react, the “contemporary” is suspended for eight months. And a few weeks later, Chernyshevsky was arrested on charges of political relations with the revolutionaries A. Herzen and N. Ogarev and in compiling the proclamation "Barial peasants from the well -wishers of the bow." In July, Chernyshevsky was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress, where he spent almost two years and in the first year of his stay there wrote his famous novel “What to do?
The novel is immediately published in the wild in several numbers that resumed the “Contemporary” output. In July, the verdict was publicly announced on Mytnaya Square in St. Petersburg. Chernyshevsky was sentenced to seven years in hard labor and goes to Siberia to the Kadainsky mine in Vilyuisk. In the year, Chernyshevsky was transferred to Astrakhan under the supervision of the police, and then he is allowed to leave for his homeland in Saratov, where he lived only six months and died on October 17 29.
Despite the fact that Chernyshevsky spent more than twenty years in places of imprisonment, he left behind many works on philosophy, sociology, political economy, ethics, aesthetics. He ranked himself to the materialistic direction in philosophy, considering materialism as the necessary ideology for the revolutionary struggle.
In ethics, he adhered to utilitarianism, which at the head of all benefits. Namely, it is good and moral that it leads to the achievement of benefits, benefits, happiness and pleasure. In his theory of “rational egoism,” he affirmed the principle of self -sacrifice as a norm of being for a “rational personality”, connecting his happiness with public well -being and perceiving sacrifice as a pleasure.
These are the "new people" in the novel "What to do? The same ideas are reflected in another, less known to his novel “Prologue”, written in the years. In aesthetics, he opposed the “art for art”, believing that “beautiful is life”, and beauty in reality is higher than beauty in art.