The death of Lermontov is biography

Latest news biography, if we compare the creative baggage of Mikhail Lermontov with the number of years lived, it becomes clear that in a short time allotted to him by fate, the Russian classic created more brilliant works than some other creators. With a brilliant meteor, the poet was compared by the poet Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky, noting that he managed to “leave behind a long stream of light and fragrance and - to disappear in all its glory ...” And today Lermontov’s artistic works are widely used in cultural space.

Childhood and youth were born Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov on the night of October 2-3, 15 on the new style of the year in Moscow. The grandmother of the poet Elizaveta Alekseevna Arsenieva is a noblewoman from a noble family of Stolypin. Minister Peter Stolypin is the poet with a second cousin. The imperious and rich Elizaveta Arseniev did not want for the only daughter of marriage with Yuri Lermontov, a handsome officer of impoverished kind.

His dubious origin from the Scotsman George Lermont did not inspire confidence in her. Later, the British company Oxford AnceStors denied the kinship of the poet with Lermonts by analysis of DNA, confirming Arsenyeva doubts. As a woman predicted, the personal life of the daughter of Masha, who had “jumped out” to the red tape of Yuri Lermontov at the age of 16, turned out to be unhappy.

The husband began to cheat on the young wife almost immediately after the wedding. He started an affair with the German nanny son of Michael, dragged him behind yard girls. And when the wife reproached her husband for treason, she received a fist in the face. Yuri left the clan estate of the Stolypin, and the grandmother took up the upbringing of Misha. The woman adored her grandson and did not spare money for his education and health.

Mikhail Lermontov grew up with a painful golden boy, and grandmother hired the grandson of the French doctor Anselm Levy. The imperious mother -in -law occasionally allowed her to meet his son, which was why both suffered. Children's and youthful years of the future classic took place on the Tarkhana estate in the Penza province. Elizaveta Alekseevna hired teachers for his education.

Former officer of the Napoleonic army, Frenchman Kapa, ​​taught the boy French. After the death of the teacher, Immigrant Shandro took his place, whom Lermontov later described in the poem “Sashka”, calling the Marquis De Tess and “Parisian Adonis”. Shandro was replaced by the Englishman Windson, who introduced the young man to English literature. The love of Byron's work in Lermontov appeared from a British teacher.

Mikhail grew, observing in the family estate behind the rustic life, listening from the peasants folk songs and legends about Stepan Razin and Emelyan Pugachev. A deep trace in Lermontov’s life and creative biography left a trip with her grandmother to the Caucasus. In Goryachevodsk, a summer boy fell in love for the first time and after 2 years dedicated his first muse the poem “To the Genius”.

Poems and plays by Mikhail Lermontov in September of the year Mikhail were enrolled in the 4th grade of the capital's university boarding house. In December, the boy was transferred to the 5th grade, giving a picture and a book for diligence. This year is significant in that Lermontov counted from him the beginning of creativity. In the boarding house, the teenager undertook to make manuscript magazines.

In one of them, called the Morning Dawn, the young poet became the chief employee and placed the first poem “Indian”. But two years after the transformation of the guesthouse to the gymnasium, Mikhail left his studies. Relatives of Vereshchagin lived nearby. Lermontov was friends with Alexandra Vereshchagina. The girl introduced Mikhail to her friend, “Black -Kooka Beauty” Ekaterina Sushkova, which the young man fell in love with.

The feelings of the young poet remained unanswered, he suffered unbearably. Katya chuckled at a lover, awkward and nondescript boy. Later, Sushkova will understand that she made a fatal mistake, mocking the unfortunate young man. In the fall of the year, Lermontov entered Moscow University, choosing a moral and political department. In his student years, Lermontov wrote the drama “A strange man”, in which serfdom was condemned.

Mikhail showed impudent disposition and non -education, for which the teachers recouped on him at the exams: the young man “filled up” exams. Lermontov refused to stay in the second year and left the university, moving with his grandmother to St. Petersburg. An attempt to enter the 2nd year was unsuccessful: Mikhail was offered to start with the 1st.

On the advice of friends and grandmother, the young man entered the school of guards ensigns and cavalry junkers, where he studied for two years, calling them “terrible” because of the military drill. In St. Petersburg, the clumsy and gloomy Mikhail Lermontov was transformed earlier: he became the soul of the company, drove and drove crazy beauties crazy. The sharp mind, well -read, sarcasm of the young man was noted by friends and great -world young ladies.

In the year, the poet’s works first appeared in print. Comrade Lermontov without his knowledge gave the story “Haji Abrek” to the stamp. From the 2nd half of the X verses of Mikhail Lermontov, they willingly published. Critics and readers warmly accepted the poem “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich in the poems“ Dagger ”“ My Friend Iron ”,“ Poet ”and“ Duma ”Lermontov proclaimed the ideals of civil poetry.The folk theme, the Russian character are outlined in the poems “Borodino” and “Homeland”.

A striking example of romanticism is called the verse “Sail”, first printed in “Domestic Notes” and reflected the spiritual impulses of the summer poet. During the years of life in St. Petersburg, Mikhail Lermontov watched the customs of the aristocracy - the observations formed the basis of the drama "Masquerade", which the poet rewritten repeatedly, but did not break through the censorship wall.

The fracture from the early to the mature work of Lermontov happened in the year, after the publication of an angry response to the death of Alexander Pushkin. The poem “The Death of the Poet”, who condemned the killer and the court nobility called the Lermontian culprit of the tragedy, read the whole of Russia. Friends of Pushkin and fans of his talent met the poem delightedly, and the enemies, including secular ladies who took the side of the handsome Dantes, were indignant.

Upon learning of the negative reaction of light, Mikhail Lermontov added sharpness. The first poem ended with the line "and on its lips is a seal." The continuation became a challenge to the "arrogant descendants": in verses they saw a appeal to the revolution. After the appearance of the poem, trial and arrest followed. The process was observed by Emperor Nicholas I.

The rebels were sent to exile to the Caucasus, an ensign in the Dragoon regiment. The first link lasted six months, but greatly changed Lermontov. The picturesque nature of the Caucasus, the life of the highlanders, local folklore were displayed in the works of the "Caucasian" period. But the youthful fun of the poet melted, replaced by "black melancholy." The Caucasus inspired the poet to write poems conceived and begun in Moscow: “Demons” and “Mtsyri” appeared, complementing each other's works.

After the exile, Lermontov brought new works to St. Petersburg, which were printed in each issue of the journal "Domestic Notes". Mikhail Yuryevich entered the circle of close friends of Pushkin and was at the peak of popularity. He was still impudent and sarcastic. A quarrel with the son of the French ambassador Ernest de Barant in February ended with a duel. The poet and de Barant converged behind the Black River, not far from the place of the duel of Pushkin with Dantes.

The Frenchman missed, and Lermontov shot aside. The bosses learned about the duel, the poet was arrested and handed over to the military court. The emperor ordered to send a duelist to the Caucasus for the second time, but now to the army regiment, who fought at the front line. Lermontov distinguished himself, showing courage, but by order of Nicholas I did not receive awards.

One of the last poems of the poet - “I go out on the road” - appeared at the end of May. Critics saw in him the “lyrical outcome of the searches”, to which Lermontov turned at the end of the earth's path. A few weeks before the murder, the poet composed the verse "Cliff", printed 2 years after his death. The novels of Mikhail Lermontov in St. Petersburg, in the breaks between the mushtro, Mikhail Lermontov composed the novel “Vadim”, in which he described the events of the Pugachevsky uprising.

But the apotheosis of Lermontov’s realism is the novel “Hero of our time”, written in the year, shortly before death. The image of Pechorin is shown against a contrasting background of the life of Russian society. The contradiction between the depth of nature of the central figure of the essay and the vigilance of actions is autobiographical. The innovation of the novel in the subtle psychologism and the disclosure of the spiritual life of the heroes, which none of the writers did previously.

The composition of the work, built non -linearly, became innovative - the chapters were not located in chronological order. Anton Pavlovich, by the way,, together with composer Peter Tchaikovsky, considered the possibility of creating the opera Bel that Chekhov would act as the author of the libretto, but the project was not implemented. Personal life Mikhail Lermontov wrote: "I loved three times - three times hopelessly." The poet, according to the description of a contemporary, is no distinguished by beauty.

Small tall, stock, the gaze of black eyes is gloomy, the smile of an unkind, nervous young man, similar to a spoiled and evil child. The three main love of Lermontov married: Ekaterina Sushkova, which Mikhail fell in love with at 16, Natalya Ivanova, who dedicated the Ivanovo Cycle, Varvara Lopukhina, whom the poet loved until the end of his life. Sushkova Lermontov brutally took revenge after 5 years.

Upon learning that the girl was going to marry, he upset the wedding, playing passion and losing to Catherine into himself. The bride was compromised in the eyes of the world for a long time. The history of the tragic relationship resembles the love line of the novel "Hero of our time." The poet accepted the news of the marriage of Varenka Lopukhina painfully. When Barbara got married, Lermontov never called her by her husband’s last name - Bakhmeteva: his lover remained for him Lopukhina.

He came on vacation to St. Petersburg, dreaming of resignation and literary work. Grandmother, dreaming of a military career of her grandson and did not share his hobby for literature, made Michael to give a request about the resignation. Lermontov returned to the Caucasus with an alarming heart. In Pyatigorsk there was a fatal quarrel of Lermontov with retired Major Nikolai Martynov, whom the poet met in Moscow and even visited the house of his parents.