Khomyakov Brief biography

Article from the Encyclopedia "Tree": Drevo-info. The end of the 10ths, Alexei Stepanovich Khomyakov-, a Russian religious philosopher, historian, economist, who developed projects for the liberation of peasants, author of a number of technical inventions, polyglot-linguist, painter, poet and playwright, publicist, founder of Slavophilism, corresponding member of the St.

Petersburg Academy of Sciences, his ancestors were born on both lines on both lines belonged to both lines. The noble families of noble landowners. It was “Loveta” - Hunting - for a long time was the main occupation of men of the Chymyakovsky family. However, another passion owned them much stronger - the father of A. Khomyakov was obsessed with a card game and, as a result, in his own club, he lost almost the entire family condition, more than a million rubles.

After that, as Sergey Khozhlai aptly observes in his book “Modern Problems of the Orthodox World Merciful”, “... a gender revolution took place in the family: the mother of the philosopher, Maria Alekseevna Kireevskaya, the lady of a strong, powerful, proud character, removed her husband from doing business and became herself the head of the house.” The Khomyakov family strictly observed the “rites and traditions of Russian Orthodoxy - they fasted, visited the church, read the creations of St.

Maria Alekseevna in many ways contributed to the sincere and consistent churching of her son, and, it was her Khomyakov, in her own words, he owed his own direction and his steady in this direction. " The estate of A. Khomyakov Lipitsa Sychevsky district of the Smolensk province. The wing of the Lord’s house lived in the winter in Moscow, in the summer - in estates. Portrait of the work of an unknown artist.

The marriage was extremely happy. The wife completely shared Khomyakov’s beliefs and supported him in all endeavors. They had four sons and five daughters. She died three days from typhoid, at the age of Tyu, in the year. Education A. Khomyakov received a thorough home education. Particular attention was paid to languages: French, German, English and Latin. The latter was taught by the French emigrant, Abbot Boivin.

Many researchers speak the fantastic ability of A. Khomyakov for languages. According to the calculations of some, hamsters took more than 20 foreign languages, others believed for him constantly working on himself and improved his already enormous knowledge. Incomparable knowledge allowed Alexei Stepanovich to prove the correspondence of the Russian language with the Sanskrit, that is, with the literary language of ancient and medieval India.

In the city of education, Khomyakov ended in Moscow, where his parents lived in winter after leaving St. Petersburg - in the same year the translation of the work of Tacitus began to be published. He showed great interest in literary work and in the philosophy of German idealism, he negatively referred to the conclusions of Schelling and Hegel, but used them as arguments in disputes.

Military service. The Decembrists when the year began an uprising against the Turkish yoke in Greece, young Khomyakov, who studied at Moscow University and received a degree of candidate of mathematics there, acquired a false passport, accumulated money, bought a knife and went to the aid of the oppressed, but was soon detained and returned home. Having without becoming a mathematician, a young candidate of science entered military service.

From G. this is what his commander wrote: “What an elevated direction was his poetry. He was not fond of the direction of the century to sensual poetry. He has everything morally, spiritually, elevated. I went on top perfectly, jumped through obstacles to the height of a person. He had the strength of the will not as a young man, but as a husband, sophisticated by experience. Strictly performed all the posts according to the charter of the Orthodox Church, on holidays and Sundays he attended all worships.

At that time there was already a significant number of freestyle thoughts, many were mocking the performance of the charters of the church, claiming that they were installed for ink. But Khomyakov inspired such love and respect that no one allowed himself to touch his belief. However, he was higher than a petty feeling of false shame, and miserable ridicule would not have worried him.

Khomyakov did not allow himself outside the service to use thin cloth clothes, even at home, and rejected the permission to wear tin cuirasses instead of iron, semi -pound weight, despite small growth and seemingly weak addition. Regarding the patience and transfer of physical pain, he had highly Spartan qualities ”[1] at that time, Khomyakov establishes acquaintance with the Decembrists poets, prints in the“ Polar Star ”Almanac of Ryleyev and Bestuzhev’s poem“ The Emergency of the Leader ”, one of his contemporaries recalled:“ Ryleyev was an oracle in this society.

His sermons obeyed with greed and trust. The topic was one - the need for a constitution and a coup through the troops. In the midst of these people, a young officer, an unusually living mind, was often a young officer. He did not want to agree with the opinions that prevailed in this society, and constantly insisted that of all the revolutions the most lawless is a military revolution.

Once, in a late autumn evening, on this subject he had a hot dispute with Ryleyev.The meaning of the words of the young officer was this: “You want a military revolution.

But what is an army? This is a meeting of people whom the people armed to their account and to whom they instructed to defend themselves. What is true if these people, in a native of their appointment, will manage the people in arbitrariness and become higher than him? This opponent of the revolution was tired of the prince of Odoevsky, assuring him that he did not completely replace him and only wanted to make a liberal and only wanted The unceosion of the armed minority.

But he remained cold to Paris, France perceived as the focus of all the negative aspects of Western European civilization. In one of the letters home, dating back to his stay in Paris, Khomyakov in passing mentions that he strictly complies with the rules of the Great Lent. In the year, with the beginning of the Russo-Turkish war, he returned to Russia to serve in the Belarusian hussar regiment, served as an adjutant under General Madatov and took part in several battles; He was wounded twice and for courage received the Order of St.

Anna with a bow and the Vladimir Cross. According to the conclusion of the Adrianopol world, he resigned and took up agriculture in his estates in the Tula, Ryazan and Smolensk provinces. The philosophical and socio-political views of A. The publication in the year in the journal "Telescope" by P. Chaadaev, who sharply criticized the historical past of Russia and called for the entirely copying of the European path, served as a peculiar impetus for the crystallization of his thoughts.

During the X, the thinker developed a slender system of views, which somewhat later critics will call “Slavophilism”, the term, which the early Slavophiles themselves used extremely rarely. The result of the worldview evolution of Khomyakov was the writing of the article “On the Old and New”, which was not originally intended for printing and read in the winter of the GG.

Kireevsky in Moscow. It was in this work that Khomyakov marked the key topics of further discussions of the Slavophiles and Westerners: “Which is better, old or new Russia? How many alien elements have received in her current organization? .. How much did she have lost her indigenous principles and were there these principles to regret them and try to resurrect them? Possessing huge erudition, especially in the field of church history and theology, and unusual dialectical abilities, hamsters were a cut above the Westerners and easily refuted their schemes.

Khomyakov’s views are closely related to his theological ideas and, first of all with ecclesiology. In history, the true ideal of church life preserves, according to Khomyakov, only Orthodoxy, harmoniously combining unity and freedom and thereby realizing the central idea of ​​the Church - the idea of ​​collegiality. On the contrary, in Catholicism and Protestantism, the principle of collegiality is historically impaired.

In the first case - in the name of unity, in the second in the name of freedom. But in Catholicism and in Protestantism, as Khomyakov argued, treason led to the Cathedral Principle only to the triumph of rationalism, hostile to the “spirit of the Church”. At the end of the second half, he wrote "The experience of a catechism presentation of the doctrine of the Church"; This work was published only after his death in the "Orthodox review" G.

K - Gg. In these years, Khomyakov, with particular thoroughness, considers Orthodoxy in his relationship with Catholicism and Protestantism in three brochures, who went in French abroad in, and GG. In the second brochure, the result of moral fratricide, expressed in the separation of churches, is exhibited, by the way, the Western Union with Islam against Orthodoxy. Khomyakov’s views on the nature and role of the Church were most fully revealed in the famous article “Church alone” was first published in Berlin in the year, in Russia - in the year.

When building all the philosophical provisions of hamsters, he proceeded from the teachings of the holy fathers of the Orthodox Church. This retired captain, brought up by the French abbot, who studied mathematics in Moscow and painting in Paris, became the main guide of the Slavophil philosophy of life and at the same time the first original theologian and true herald of the Russian Church.

N. Gogol gave the name to the work: once looking at the Khomyakov manuscript, he saw the name of the ancient queen there and joked: "Alexei Stepanovich writes Semiramida." In this incomplete work, after the death of the author, an attempt was made by a holistic presentation of world history, a definition of its meaning. Khomyakov had a very deep consciousness of not only the special path of Russia, but also the worldwide task of Russia.

This world task, according to Khomyakov, was to free humanity from the one -sided and false development that history received under the influence of the West.Khomyakov, of course, considered the Orthodox monarchy the form of state structure for Russia, although he advocated the convocation of the Zemstvo Cathedral, connecting the hope of resolving the contradictions between the “power” and “land”, which arose in Russia as a result of the Western reforms of Peter I.

Like other Slavophiles, the Chomyakov was a convinced opponent of serfdom, substantiating this position, substantiating this position. Gospel teaching, which was reflected in the city Turgenev, L. Tolstoy and others, the proposal of the progressive group of the Tula nobles about the need to free peasants with an overwhelming earth for ransom. With the years of the years of Slavophiles, the Russian Conversation magazine publisher A.

Koshelev, co -editors - T. Filippov, then P. title sheet of the first issue of the Russian Conversation magazine, created at the initiative of A. Khomyakov, the thoughts of A. Khomyakov are interesting.