Biography of Peter 1 Details

The army and navy, museums and factories, the new calendar and European values ​​are the main achievements of the sovereign in 12 points as Peter I changed Russia Army and Navy, museums and factories, the new calendar and European values ​​- the main achievements of the sovereign in 12 points. Peter I entered the throne in the year as the last king of all Rus', and left him in M ​​- as the first Russian emperor.

First, he led the country with his consolidated brother Ivan V - under the regency of his sister Sophia Alekseevna, and then in 29 years of unanimous government he radically changed the international, political, economic, social and cultural appearance of Russia. How exactly - read in our special project. Peter Alekseevich played the army regularly eleven -year -old boy with the “amusing” regiments: at first they recruited children from the palace villages of Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky, and then adults.

In the fall of the year - Peter was 22 years old - he conducted the first major military exercises in the history of Russia, Kozhukhov maneuvers. And in M ​​already went on Azov campaigns, which showed weak places of the Russian army. In the year, Peter I decided to create a professional army on a regular basis - instead of the noble militia of the times of Ivan III, Streltsov Ivan the Terrible, the regiments of the "new system" Mikhail Fedorovich.

And in the year he introduced recruitment in the year: the peasant courtyards put up the soldier’s military service, one person out of 20, 25 or 50 yards. The core of the army was the Life Guards Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments. Up to a year, 53 recruitment sets were produced - more than thousands of people were taken to the service. For soldiers, they came up with a single shape: the infantry wore green caftans and black hats, cavalry - blue caftans and black hats.

In the year, they organized at each military unit of the orchestra. In the year, they approved the rights and obligations of employees - "the charter of the military land." It was introduced by military oath and punishment for crimes - up to the death penalty. Although there was a system of incentives: in the year, Peter I established the first highest award in Russian history - the Order of Andrei the First -Called, and after each major battle, officers and soldiers presented commemorative gold and silver medals.

He created the Russian fleet, Summer Peter Alekseevich found in the barn his uncle, Nikita Romanov, the boot of “St. Nicholas” - let him down along the Yauza River, and then on the Lake Pleshcheev. In the year, the tsar built the first sea ship, “St. Paul”, in the port of Arkhangelsk-he went to sea under the white-blue-red flag with a golden double-headed eagle in the center.

In the year, this panel became a Russian trade flag, and in m - the state symbol of Russia.

The birthday of the Russian Navy was October 30. Then the Boyar Duma supported the king’s idea to create a regular fleet on the Sea of ​​Azov. Peter I personally built ships in the Voronezh forests on the Don. And the official flag of the fleet in the year was a panel with the Andreevsky Cross. With the outbreak of the Northern War, Peter I founded the Baltic Fleet - in the year it was built by its first sailing Frigate Standart and Fort Kronstadt.

In the year, the Baltic squadron defeated the Swedes in the battle of Cape Gangut - this is the first victory of the Russian fleet in history. At first, officers traveled to study in England, Holland and Venice, and in the year they established the St. Petersburg Naval Academy. Its graduates were called "midshipmen", from the French Garde-Marine-"sea security." In years, for military sailors they wrote the "Charter of the Sea" and "Admiralty Rules." All ranks from the sailor to the Admiral were to protect the homeland "with all sorts of care and jealousy." And foreigners could serve only on condition "that they can stay here on death." Articles about Peter I.